Bir s\u00fcredir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fam\u0131nda bir istifa dalgas\u0131 oldu\u011fu konu\u015fuluyor. B\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fc de\u011fil mi, hangi \u00fclkelerde nas\u0131l ya\u015fan\u0131yor, ekonominin krizde oldu\u011fu, i\u015fsizli\u011fin hep \u00e7ok fazla oldu\u011fu T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olur mu, bu istifa dalgas\u0131 emek m\u00fccadelesinde bir dinami\u011fe i\u015faret eder mi gibi meraklarla konuyu biraz ara\u015ft\u0131rmak istedim.<\/p>\n
B\u00fcy\u00fck oranda Amerika\u2019da olmak \u00fczere kimi Avrupa \u00fclkeleri ve hatta \u00c7in\u2019de 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda etkisini g\u00f6steren bir istifa dalgas\u0131 var. ABD\u2019de buna \u2018b\u00fcy\u00fck istifa dalgas\u0131\u2019 diyorlar. ABD \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na ba\u011fl\u0131 istatistik kurumunun rakamlar\u0131na g\u00f6re 2021 y\u0131l\u0131 Kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda 4.5 milyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015finden ayr\u0131ld\u0131. 2001 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana tutulan istatistiklere g\u00f6re i\u015ften ayr\u0131lma oranlar\u0131 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda en y\u00fcksek seviyelere ula\u015ft\u0131. Almanya\u2019da %6, \u0130ngiltere\u2019de %4.7 oran\u0131nda i\u015ften ayr\u0131lmalar ya\u015fan\u0131rken \u00c7in\u2019de de tangping (yan gel yat) ismi verilen benzer bir dalga ile Nisan 2021\u2019den bu yana i\u015ften ayr\u0131lmalar art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterdi. Hindistan\u2019da da IT sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7iler 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda topluca istifa etti[1]<\/a>. Pandeminin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sosyal kriz bu dalgan\u0131n en \u00f6nemli nedenleri aras\u0131nda g\u00f6steriliyor.<\/p>\n \u0130stifa dalgas\u0131n\u0131n nedenleri<\/strong><\/p>\n Koronavir\u00fcs pandemisinde artan ev eme\u011fi, \u00e7ocuk bak\u0131m i\u015fi, sa\u011fl\u0131k endi\u015feleri, daha iyi ko\u015fullarda ve daha y\u00fcksek \u00fccretler kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma aray\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n i\u015ften ayr\u0131lma dalgas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli nedenlerinden oldu\u011fu \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n \u0130\u015ften ayr\u0131lmalar baz\u0131 sekt\u00f6rlerde daha fazla ya\u015fan\u0131yor. E\u011flence, hizmet ve sa\u011fl\u0131k gibi pandemiden \u00e7ok etkilenen sekt\u00f6rlerde i\u015ften ayr\u0131lmalar \u00e7o\u011falm\u0131\u015f durumda.<\/p>\n Burada bir parantez a\u00e7mak iyi olabilir. Pandemi sebebiyle ev i\u00e7i eme\u011fi, bak\u0131m i\u015flerini \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck oranlarla \u00fcstlenen kad\u0131nlar, keyfi de\u011fil, yeni bir aray\u0131\u015f sebebiyle de\u011fil, zorunluluktan istihdam alan\u0131ndan \u00e7ekildiler. Pandeminin kad\u0131n eme\u011fine etkisi ayr\u0131ca, ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla de\u011ferlendirilmesi gereken bir konu. Ben parantezi burada kapatmak istiyorum.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n Her ne kadar bir istifa dalgas\u0131 olarak ifade edilse de ya\u015fanan durum b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 bir i\u015f de\u011fi\u015ftirme olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar maa\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckseltmek, daha iyi ko\u015fullara sahip olmak, uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilen farkl\u0131 i\u015f olanaklar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmek i\u00e7in i\u015flerinden ayr\u0131l\u0131yor. Adope firmas\u0131n\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131ndan memnun olmayan Z ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek oranlarda istifa etti\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor.[3]<\/a><\/p>\n Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz a\u011fustos ay\u0131nda ABD\u2019de ay\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n %55\u2019i alt\u0131 ay i\u00e7inde i\u015f de\u011fi\u015ftirmek istediklerini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015f, evden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak ve daha iyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 istediklerini belirtmi\u015f.[4]<\/a> Bu durum \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fam\u0131nda meydana gelen de\u011fi\u015fimlerin i\u015f\u00e7ileri i\u015f de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye, yeni i\u015f aray\u0131\u015f\u0131na sevketti\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n Nedenleri i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 sebepler olsa da b\u00fcy\u00fck istifa dalgas\u0131 denen bu aray\u0131\u015f devam edecek gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Bu aray\u0131\u015f\u0131n baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerde toplumsal hareketlere ve emek hareketlerine neden oldu\u011fu da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n ‘B\u00fcy\u00fck istifa’n\u0131n tetikledi\u011fi toplumsal hareketler<\/strong><\/p>\n ABD\u2019de Reddit isimli sosyal payla\u015f\u0131m a\u011f\u0131 ve tart\u0131\u015fma platformunda bir alt sayfa olarak kurulan Antiwork isimli payla\u015f\u0131m platformu k\u0131sa zamanda 1.5 milyon \u00fcyeli bir a\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n i\u015f hayatlar\u0131ndaki k\u00f6t\u00fc deneyimleri payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 site, zamanla i\u015f k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne ve \u00f6zellikle Wall Street ile an\u0131lan \u201chustle\u201d (giri\u015fkenlik) k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr olu\u015fturdu.<\/p>\n \u2018Hustle\u2019 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne g\u00f6re uzun saat mesailer yapmak ve i\u015f hayat\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel hayata d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi \u2018ba\u015far\u0131\u2019 i\u00e7in tek yol olarak g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcr. Antiwork bu k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcren sistemin dayatmas\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyor. Bitmeyen mesailer ve tatilde bile e-posta ve ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefonlarla devam eden i\u015f k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131, \u201csadece zenginlere de\u011fil herkes i\u00e7in tembellik\u201d slogan\u0131 ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131n\u0131 topluca reddeden bir ak\u0131ma d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc Antiwork. \u0130stifa dalgas\u0131ndan \u00e7ok \u00f6nce, 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulmu\u015f olsa da, pop\u00fclerle\u015fmesi ayn\u0131 d\u00f6neme yani 2021 y\u0131l\u0131na denk geliyor. Antiwork\u2019u populerle\u015ftiren en \u00f6nemli eylemi Kellogg firmas\u0131n\u0131da grev yapan i\u015f\u00e7ilere destek vermesiydi. Firma grev yapan 1400 i\u015f\u00e7isine haklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6demek yerine yeni i\u015f ilanlar\u0131 vererek i\u015f\u00e7i almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Antiwork a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcyeleri de Kellogg\u2019un i\u015f\u00e7i al\u0131m\u0131 yapmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek amac\u0131yla ilanlara sahte \u00f6zge\u00e7mi\u015fler g\u00f6ndererek firman\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i al\u0131m sistemini \u00e7\u00f6kertti.<\/p>\n ABD\u2019de ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz ekim ay\u0131nda Ekim Grevleri ismiyle (striketober) yap\u0131lan grevlere 100.000 civar\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7inin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130stifa dalgas\u0131 ve pandemi ko\u015fullar\u0131 nedeniyle i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131nda ya\u015fanan azalman\u0131n emek hareketlerinin elini y\u00fckseltti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla i\u015f\u00e7ileri hak talebi ve greve \u00e7\u0131kmaya daha \u00e7ok te\u015fvik etti\u011fi s\u00f6ylenebilir.[5]<\/a><\/p>\n Yan yatan \u00e7i\u00e7ek zor kopar\u0131l\u0131r<\/strong><\/p>\n Benzer bir toplumsal hareket de \u00c7in’de meydana geldi. Tangping (yan gel yat) adl\u0131 hareket \u00c7in\u2019de ki a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 mesai k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ele\u015ftiren bir hareket olarak, 2021 Nisan ay\u0131nda ba\u015flad\u0131. Tangping ak\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle reddetmiyor, ancak h\u0131rs ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 mesai gerektiren i\u015fler yerine, daha az para kazand\u0131ran ama daha huzurlu i\u015fler tercih etmeyi te\u015fvik ediyor. Ad\u0131n\u0131 yan yatan \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fin zor kopar\u0131lmas\u0131ndan alan hareket ABD\u2019deki Antiwork ak\u0131m\u0131na benzer \u00f6zellikler g\u00f6stermektedir.[6]<\/a><\/p>\n Bu aray\u0131\u015f, bu ak\u0131mlar nereye gider?<\/strong><\/p>\n B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130stifa\u2019y\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren ve istifa dalgas\u0131na ad\u0131n\u0131 veren Teksas \u00dcniversitesi \u0130\u015fletme B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nde profes\u00f6r Anthony Klotz\u2019a g\u00f6re, istifa ak\u0131m\u0131 yava\u015flasa dahi 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda s\u00fcrmeye devam edecek. Klotz\u2019a g\u00f6re B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130stifa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 reddetme ya da yeni i\u015f bulma de\u011fil, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 ve sosyal hayat\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etme iste\u011fi \u00fczerine meydana gelen bir hareket.[7]<\/a> Bu durum \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fam\u0131nda k\u00f6kl\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fiklikler meydana gelmeden de\u011fi\u015fmeyecek gibi g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ne var ne yok?<\/strong><\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ge\u00e7en y\u0131llarda pandemi dolay\u0131s\u0131yla y\u0131pranan sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek oranlarda i\u015ften ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyduk.[8]<\/a> Bu ayn\u0131 zamanda farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelere g\u00f6\u00e7en doktorlar\u0131n da istifas\u0131n\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131yor. Politeknik\u2019in 2021 y\u0131l\u0131 \u015eubat ay\u0131nda yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131nda Covid-19 ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131, sadece m\u00fchendis, mimar, \u015fehir planc\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli olsa da D\u00fcnya\u2019da g\u00f6r\u00fclen yeni aray\u0131\u015flarla baz\u0131 benzerlikler g\u00f6steriyor. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re bir y\u0131l tecr\u00fcbeli Z ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 27\u2019si yeni i\u015f aray\u0131\u015f\u0131na girmi\u015f. Kaspersky\u2019nin \u2018<\/strong>\u0130\u015fin Gelece\u011fini G\u00fcvence Alt\u0131na Almak<\/strong><\/a>\u2019 <\/strong>ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 raporunda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 23\u2019\u00fc yeni i\u015f ar\u0131yor. Sonu\u00e7lar birbirine olduk\u00e7a yak\u0131n.[9]<\/a><\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00f6zellikle beyaz yakal\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilerin pandemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda evden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n getirdi\u011fi yeni \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bi\u00e7iminden etkilenerek D\u00fcnya\u2019daki di\u011fer i\u015f\u00e7ilerle benzer tepkiler vermesi ola\u011fan gibi duruyor. Ancak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu siyasi ve ekonomik durum d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde i\u015f\u00e7ilerin y\u00fcksek oranlarla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 reddetmesi gibi bir hareketin olu\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 beklemek hayal olur.<\/p>\n Asgari \u00fccretin b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda ortalama \u00fccret haline gelmesi, kiralar\u0131n, g\u0131da fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck oranlarda artmas\u0131, elektrik, do\u011falgaz gibi faturalara gelen fahi\u015f zamlar ge\u00e7inmeyi \u00e7ok zorla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f durumda. \u015eu s\u0131ralar, ocak ay\u0131 sonuna do\u011fru belirlenen \u00fccret zamlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 dijital platformalarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kurye i\u015f\u00e7iler sokakta pazarl\u0131k yap\u0131yorlar. Ge\u00e7inmek i\u00e7in, ya\u015famak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan \u00fccret eylemleri, farkl\u0131 sekt\u00f6rlere yans\u0131r m\u0131, \u00fccret pazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fan taleplerle geli\u015fir mi bilinmese de herkesin g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn kula\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bu eylemlerde oldu\u011fu kesin.<\/p>\n T\u00fcm bunlardan hareketle bir kez daha hem T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de hem D\u00fcnya\u2019da eme\u011fimizin de\u011ferli oldu\u011fu bir ya\u015fam\u0131 kurmak hayal de\u011fil diyebiliriz.<\/p>\n Zeynel F\u0131rat Ayd\u0131n – Geomatik M\u00fchendisi<\/strong><\/p>\n [1]<\/a> https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/business\/india-business\/despite-bonuses-and-salary-hikes-indias-it-sector-will-see-over-a-million-resignations-this-year\/articleshow\/87324879.cms<\/p>\n [2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/women-have-been-hit-hard-by-the-coronavirus-labor-market-their-story-is-worse-than-industry-based-data-suggest\/<\/p>\n [3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.usnews.com\/news\/economy\/articles\/2021-08-26\/study-gen-z-millennials-driving-the-great-resignation<\/p>\n [4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bankrate.com\/personal-finance\/job-seekers-survey-august-2021\/<\/p>\n [5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2021\/oct\/23\/striketober-unions-strikes-workers-lasting-change<\/p>\n [6]<\/a> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/business-d2b9f71d73219b32d78709b0afb443ca<\/p>\n [7]<\/a>https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2022\/01\/14\/the-great-resignation-expert-shares-the-biggest-work-trends-of-2022.html<\/p>\n <\/p>\n