{"id":37221,"date":"2022-02-18T10:55:42","date_gmt":"2022-02-18T07:55:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/politeknik.org.tr\/?p=37221"},"modified":"2022-02-18T10:55:42","modified_gmt":"2022-02-18T07:55:42","slug":"direnislerin-kadin-emekcileri-ebru-isikli-catlak-zemin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/direnislerin-kadin-emekcileri-ebru-isikli-catlak-zemin\/","title":{"rendered":"Direni\u015flerin kad\u0131n emek\u00e7ileri – Ebru I\u015f\u0131kl\u0131 (\u00c7atlak Zemin)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Birka\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6nce, Plaza Eylem Platformu\u2019nda bir bankan\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 protesto ederken bu bankan\u0131n reklam slogan\u0131n\u0131 pankart\u0131m\u0131za koymu\u015ftuk: \u201cCesaretin, gelece\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye yeter. Durma yeter.\u201d Bu banka bir kad\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n\u0131 hamilelik sonras\u0131 i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f ve neden olarak da performans\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015fti. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan davas\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131. \u015eirket kad\u0131n konusunda e\u015fitlik s\u00f6ylemini kullanan bir bankayd\u0131. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ileri direni\u015fte olan ve benzer yakla\u015f\u0131ma sahip Farplas CEO\u2019sunun bir r\u00f6portajda s\u00f6yledi\u011fi c\u00fcmleye, biz de bir direni\u015f eki yapal\u0131m:\u00a0\u201cVizyonumuz kad\u0131n liderli\u011finde d\u00fcnyay\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek\u201d \u2013 Direnen kad\u0131nlar.<\/p>\n

2022 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i direni\u015flerinde y\u00fckseli\u015fle ba\u015flad\u0131. Direni\u015fler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, i\u015fyeri tiranl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor. Patron ba\u015fta, amiri, y\u00f6neticisi, \u015firket avukatlar\u0131 ve muhasebecilerinin ku\u015fatmas\u0131 alt\u0131nda mobbing, hakaret, sendika d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve fabrikalar aras\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nan kara liste tehdidiyle kafas\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131rmadan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 beklenen i\u015f\u00e7iler ayakta. Bu maddi ve duygusal ku\u015fatman\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131 kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in daha kuvvetli. Bu nedenle kad\u0131nlar\u0131n direni\u015fine bakmak ilham verici.<\/p>\n

Ocak\u2019ta\u00a0Mersin Tarsus Sebze Meyve Hali<\/a>, \u015eubat\u2019ta\u00a0Oppo<\/a>,\u00a0Alpin \u00c7orap<\/a>,\u00a0Darinda \u00c7orap<\/a>,\u00a0Farplas<\/a>\u00a0ve\u00a0Migros Depo<\/a>\u00a0kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 direni\u015fler oldu. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131 eyleme ge\u00e7iren ek nedenler var. Kad\u0131nlar daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccret al\u0131yor, kad\u0131nlara daha az zam yap\u0131l\u0131yor, kad\u0131n\u0131n kazanc\u0131 y\u00f6neticiler taraf\u0131ndan ailenin ek geliri olarak\u00a0g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor<\/a>, hamile ve regl olan kad\u0131nlar y\u00fcksek tempoda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya zorlan\u0131yor[1]<\/a>\u00a0ve i\u015fyerlerinde kre\u015f yok.<\/p>\n

Eylemlerde bir kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i direni\u015f\u00e7inin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir erkek direni\u015f\u00e7inin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan daha uzun bir yolculuk sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor ve bu nedenle daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir meydan okuma. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n direnmek i\u00e7in daha fazla nedeni olsa da bask\u0131n\u0131n da daha a\u011f\u0131r olmas\u0131 nedeniyle eyleme ge\u00e7ene kadar bir\u00e7ok engeli a\u015f\u0131yorlar. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ev i\u00e7i bak\u0131m y\u00fck\u00fc, kocas\u0131, babas\u0131 veya i\u015f arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n direni\u015fi \u00f6zellikle kad\u0131na uygun g\u00f6rmemesi gibi nedenler kad\u0131nlar\u0131 direni\u015ften al\u0131koyabiliyor (Sayg\u0131l\u0131gil, 2011). Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kad\u0131nlar eyleme ge\u00e7i\u015f karar\u0131n\u0131 cinsiyet ili\u015fkileri i\u00e7inde al\u0131yor ve bu karar ayn\u0131 zamanda i\u00e7inde bulunduklar\u0131 cinsiyet ili\u015fkilerine de meydan okuma anlam\u0131na geliyor (Krauss, 1993). Buna paralel kad\u0131nlar eyleme ge\u00e7tiklerinde i\u015f d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 da harekete ge\u00e7iriyor (Krauss, 1993) ve bu \u015fekilde \u00f6zel-kamusal ikili\u011fine meydan okuduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015ftirici bir potansiyel ta\u015f\u0131yorlar (Doucth, 2021).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Hareketlenen direni\u015fler vesilesiyle 2019-2020 aras\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen eylemlere k\u0131saca kad\u0131nlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bakal\u0131m.\u00a0Emek \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Toplulu\u011fu<\/a>\u2019nda i\u015f\u00e7i eylemlerini gazete taramas\u0131 ile raporla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmadan yola \u00e7\u0131karak baz\u0131 say\u0131lar payla\u015faca\u011f\u0131m. 2021 ve 2022 i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131m\u0131z devam ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n2015<\/strong><\/td>\n2016<\/strong><\/td>\n2017<\/strong><\/td>\n2018<\/strong><\/td>\n2019<\/strong><\/td>\n2020<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kad\u0131n var<\/td>\n%51<\/td>\n%56<\/td>\n%69<\/td>\n%62<\/td>\n%72<\/td>\n%77<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kad\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 & Sadece kad\u0131n<\/td>\n%5<\/td>\n%6<\/td>\n%8<\/td>\n%5<\/td>\n%7<\/td>\n%7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 2015-2020 y\u0131llar\u0131nda i\u015fyeri temelli vakalarda, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n direni\u015flerde g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6steriyor diyebiliriz. Sadece kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ya da daha \u00e7ok kad\u0131nlar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 oldu\u011fu vakalar\u0131n oran\u0131 %5-8 aras\u0131nda seyrediyor.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fyerlerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen vakalar\u0131n %51-72 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki oranlar\u0131nda kad\u0131nlar az ya da \u00e7ok yer alm\u0131\u015f. Vakalarda kad\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 2017 (%69) ve 2019 (%72) y\u0131llar\u0131nda en y\u00fcksek de\u011ferlerine eri\u015fmi\u015f. Eylemler i\u00e7inde yo\u011fun memur eylemleri kad\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn artmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni. Genelde i\u015fyeri temelli eylemlerde memur oran\u0131 %20 iken kad\u0131nlar\u0131n az ya da \u00e7ok say\u0131da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 vakalarda memur oran\u0131 %31. Kamuda e\u011fitim ve kamuda sa\u011fl\u0131k sekt\u00f6rleri eylemlerde cinsiyet a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n birbirine yak\u0131n oldu\u011fu i\u015f kollar\u0131. Kamu alan\u0131nda yo\u011funla\u015fan bu gruplar\u0131n eylem nedenleri a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak KHK ile i\u015ften atma, a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa alma, s\u00fcrg\u00fcn ve y\u0131ld\u0131rma, keyfi cezalar.<\/p>\n

Biraz daha n\u00fcansl\u0131 bir tablo bize kad\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn, kad\u0131n-erkek e\u015fit ya da erkek yo\u011fun alanlardaki art\u0131\u015fla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n2015<\/strong><\/td>\n2016<\/strong><\/td>\n2017<\/strong><\/td>\n2018<\/strong><\/td>\n2019<\/strong><\/td>\n2020<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sadece kad\u0131n<\/td>\n%1<\/td>\n%3<\/td>\n%3<\/td>\n%2<\/td>\n%3<\/td>\n%3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kad\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131<\/td>\n%5<\/td>\n%3<\/td>\n%4<\/td>\n%3<\/td>\n%4<\/td>\n%4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kad\u0131n-Erkek e\u015fit<\/td>\n%12<\/td>\n%26<\/td>\n%22<\/td>\n%20<\/td>\n%21<\/td>\n%26<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Erkek a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131<\/td>\n%33<\/td>\n%24<\/td>\n%39<\/td>\n%36<\/td>\n%44<\/td>\n%43<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sadece erkek<\/td>\n%48<\/td>\n%40<\/td>\n%28<\/td>\n%34<\/td>\n%28<\/td>\n%23<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bilinmiyor<\/td>\n%1<\/td>\n%3<\/td>\n%3<\/td>\n%4<\/td>\n%0<\/td>\n%0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Toplam baz<\/strong><\/td>\n610<\/strong><\/td>\n420<\/strong><\/td>\n438<\/strong><\/td>\n420<\/strong><\/td>\n424<\/strong><\/td>\n389<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 oldu\u011fu (sadece kad\u0131n ve kad\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131) i\u015fyeri temelli eylemlerde kamu sa\u011fl\u0131k ve tekstil i\u015f kollar\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu var. Ba\u015fl\u0131ca eylem nedenlerinin i\u015ften atma ve i\u015fteyken \u00fccret gasp\u0131 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zleniyor. Do\u011frudan toplumsal cinsiyet nedenli eylemler i\u015fyeri temelli eylem vakalar\u0131n\u0131n hen\u00fcz ancak % 1\u2019inde yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n g\u00fcvencesiz alanlarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 (ev temizli\u011fi, \u00e7ocuk bak\u0131m\u0131, tekstil) \u00f6rt\u00fck ya da a\u00e7\u0131k kad\u0131n direni\u015flerinin say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 gizleyen bir fakt\u00f6r olabilir. Di\u011fer yandan kad\u0131n direni\u015f\u00e7inin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 eylemler her zaman kad\u0131nlar\u0131n yoklu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelmiyor. Kad\u0131nlar eylemin esas \u00f6znesi olmasalar da yak\u0131nlar\u0131na destek vermek \u00fczere eylemlerde dolayl\u0131 olarak yer alabiliyor (K\u0131ran, 2017). \u00d6rg\u00fctlenme uzmanlar\u0131 1980\u2019lerden itibaren yayg\u0131nla\u015fan organize sanayi b\u00f6lgelerinin y\u00fcksek g\u00fcvenlikli yap\u0131lar\u0131 nedeniyle ailelerle eylem yapma imkan\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dile getiriyor.<\/p>\n

Kad\u0131n hareketinin kad\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i eylemlerine destek ama\u00e7l\u0131 dayan\u0131\u015fma eylemleri \u00f6rg\u00fctlemesi 2000\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015fl\u0131yor (\u00d6zar, 2012, 11). Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te s\u00f6z konusu ili\u015fkinin en \u00e7ok ses getirdi\u011fi iki direni\u015f Novamed Grevi (2007) ve Desa direni\u015fi (2008) olmu\u015ftu. 2015-2019 aras\u0131nda ise Flormar (2018-2019) ve Serapol (2015-2017) direni\u015fleri bu \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yan iki eylemdi. Bu sene Farplas ve Migros kad\u0131n dayan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n kendini g\u00f6sterece\u011fi direni\u015fler olacak g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Ku\u015fatman\u0131n her t\u00fcrl\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc a\u015fan insanlar\u0131 direndi\u011finde g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. Direni\u015fle tepe noktas\u0131na varan bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 elbette kazan\u0131m\u0131 hedefler. Yine de sonucu ne olursa olsun y\u00fckseltti\u011fi sesiyle, s\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yumru\u011fuyla, \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kartt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bedeniyle ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeyle direni\u015f\u00e7i kendisiyle ve \u00e7evresiyle ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc tan\u0131\u015f\u0131r, yine ayn\u0131 anda hepimize ya\u015fama sanat\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011fini sunarlar.<\/p>\n

Emek \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Toplulu\u011funun tuttu\u011fu g\u00fcncel\u00a0grev listesine<\/a>\u00a0g\u00f6re \u015eubat 2022 grevleri tekstil sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde yani kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ilerin yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu sekt\u00f6rde. Di\u011fer yandan grevler daha geni\u015f bir eylem hareketlili\u011fi anlam\u0131na da geliyor. \u00d6yle g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor ki kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in ve i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 i\u00e7in bu daha ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7.<\/p>\n

Son not: Gazetecilerden bir iste\u011fimiz var; kuryelik gibi erkek yo\u011fun olan bir alan bile olsa buradaki kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ilerin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne haberlerde yer vermeleri. Tarihe not d\u00fc\u015fmek bir yana bu g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn di\u011fer kad\u0131nlar, erkek i\u015f\u00e7iler ve g\u00f6ren herkes \u00fczerinde d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc etkisi var.<\/p>\n

Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/p>\n

Krauss, Celene. \u201cWomen and toxic waste protests: Race, class and gender as resources of resistance. \u201cQualitative Sociology<\/em>\u00a016.3 (1993): 247-262.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zar, \u015eemsa. \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 1980 Sonras\u0131 D\u00f6nemde Kad\u0131n Eme\u011fi ve \u0130stihdam\u0131 Politikalar\u0131: Kad\u0131n Hareketi, Sendikalar, Devlet ve \u0130\u015fveren Kurulu\u015flar\u0131.\u201d Ge\u00e7mi\u015ften G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Kad\u0131n Eme\u011fi. Ankara \u00dcniversitesi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara (2012): 266-304.<\/p>\n

Sayg\u0131l\u0131gil G\u00fcnd\u00fcz, Feryal. \u201cT\u00fcrkiyede neoliberal politikalar ve kad\u0131n eme\u011fi: Serbest b\u00f6lgede kad\u0131nlar\u0131n grevi.\u201d Mimar Sinan University (2011).<\/p>\n

Doutch, Michaela. \u201cA gendered labour geography perspective on the Cambodian garment workers\u2019 general strike of 2013\/2014.\u201dGlobalizations<\/em>\u00a018.8 (2021): 1406-1419.<\/p>\n

Son direni\u015flerde kad\u0131n haberleri<\/strong><\/p>\n

Farplas
\nhttps:\/\/www.evrensel.net\/haber\/454292\/farplas-iscisi-kadinlar-sendikayla-biz-de-soz-sahibi-olacagiz<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/ekmekvegul.net\/gundem\/patronu-yilin-melegi-secilen-farplas-kadinlar-icin-cehennem<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.evrensel.net\/haber\/454842\/haklari-icin-mucadele-eden-isciler-direnislerini-ve-deneyimlerini-anlatti-genis-aci<\/a><\/p>\n

Mersin Tarsus Meyve Hali
\nhttps:\/\/www.evrensel.net\/haber\/452171\/mersin-tarsusta-hal-iscisi-kadinlarin-direnisi-kazanimla-sonuclandi<\/a><\/p>\n

Oppo
\nhttps:\/\/ekmekvegul.net\/dergi\/oppodan-oncesi-oppodan-sonrasi-babadan-kocaya-kocadan-isyerine-siddet-sarmali<\/a><\/p>\n

Alpin
\nhttps:\/\/haber.sol.org.tr\/haber\/alpin-corap-iscileri-direniste-kadinlara-daha-az-zam-verdiler-olayin-cikis-noktalarindan-biri<\/a><\/p>\n

Darinda
\nhttps:\/\/ekmekvegul.net\/gundem\/ucret-artisi-talep-eden-darinda-corap-iscileri-isten-atildi-atilan-isciler-geri-alinsin-talepler-karsilansin<\/a><\/p>\n

Migros
\nhttps:\/\/ekmekvegul.net\/gundem\/migros-depo-iscisi-kadinlar-inaniyoruz-biz-kazanacagiz<\/a><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a>\u00a0Nuran G\u00fclen\u00e7 saha notlar\u0131<\/p>\n

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Ebru I\u015f\u0131kl\u0131 \/ End\u00fcstri M\u00fchendisi<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Birka\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6nce, Plaza Eylem Platformu\u2019nda bir bankan\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 protesto ederken…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":37223,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4689],"tags":[5466,808,5465,3712,5467,5464],"class_list":{"0":"post-37221","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-secki","8":"tag-digitalplatform","9":"tag-kadin","10":"tag-kurye","11":"tag-manset","12":"tag-trendyol","13":"tag-yemeksepeti"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37221","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37221"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37221\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/37223"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37221"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37221"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37221"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}