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<\/p>\n\u201cPes\u0327lerinde kadim ve hu\u0308rmete s\u0327ayan bir o\u0308nyarg\u0131lar ve kanaatler silsilesini su\u0308ru\u0308kleyen tu\u0308m durgun, donuk ilis\u0327kiler silinip su\u0308pu\u0308ru\u0308lu\u0308yor; yeni ortaya c\u0327\u0131kan her s\u0327ey daha kemikles\u0327emeden miad\u0131n\u0131 dolduruyor. Kat\u0131 olan her s\u0327ey buharlas\u0327\u0131p gidiyor, kutsal olan her s\u0327ey du\u0308nyeviles\u0327iyor ve en sonunda insanlar hayatlar\u0131n\u0131n gerc\u0327ek kos\u0327ullar\u0131yla ve dig\u0306er insanlarla ilis\u0327kileriyle… yu\u0308zles\u0327meye zorlan\u0131yor\u201d <\/p>\n
David Harvey Postmodernlig\u0306in Durumu\u2019nda (2014) kapitalist toplumda ilerlemenin \u201cmeka\u0302n\u0131n zaman arac\u0131l\u0131g\u0306\u0131yla yok edilmesini ic\u0327ereceg\u0306ini\u201d belirtir. Mek\u00e2n aidiyetini ve eski anlam\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011finde kullan\u0131m deg\u0306eri gider ve sadece bir meta olur. Bunun yan\u0131nda kent sadece bir fiziksel alan de\u011fil, ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f deneyimler ile fiziksel ve toplumsal katmanlar\u0131 olan, bellek ve yeniden \u00fcretilen ideolojilerden olu\u015fur. Kent tarihinden getirdi\u011fi bir haf\u0131zaya yeni anlamlar y\u00fckleyerek mutlak olmayan s\u00fcrekli de\u011fi\u015fen bir organizmad\u0131r. Marx, kapitalizmin modem hayat\u0131n her alan\u0131ndaki h\u0131z\u0131 betimlerken toplumun da ak\u0131nt\u0131da su\u0308ru\u0308klendig\u0306ini, ona ad\u0131m uydurup kos\u0327turdug\u0306unu, bu ak\u0131s\u0327\u0131n ic\u0327inde bas\u0327\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n do\u0308ndu\u0308g\u0306u\u0308nu\u0308 ve u\u0308rktu\u0308g\u0306u\u0308mu\u0308zu\u0308 hissettirmektedir.<\/p>\n
Covid-19 s\u00fcrecinde \u00fclke s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131, kent s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 kamusal mekanlar belli s\u00fcrelerde d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve kapat\u0131lmaya devam etmektedir. \u0130\u015f ya\u015fam\u0131, e\u011fitim, al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f vb. kimimiz i\u00e7in evde online olarak ya\u015fanmakta, kentte dair pratiklerimiz de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. Lefebvre toplum ya\u015fam\u0131m\u0131z a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan f\u0131rsatlar ve k\u0131s\u0131tlar\u0131 tan\u0131mlayan kentsel bir toplumda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 s\u00f6ylemektedir. Bununla birlikte Lefebvre, mek\u00e2n\u0131n daha fazla \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ve m\u00fccadele alanlar\u0131 oldu\u011funu, dijitalle\u015fen mek\u00e2n\u0131n ise yeni anlamlar\u0131 olu\u015fturdu\u011funu belirtmektedir. K\u00fcresel ile ba\u011f\u0131m\u0131z artarken yak\u0131n \u00e7evremiz ile fiziksel temas\u0131m\u0131z azalmaktad\u0131r. Jane Jacobs\u2019\u0131n dedig\u0306i gibi, kent merkezi yas\u0327am\u0131n kalbidir ve bu merkezi o\u0308ldu\u0308rmek, sosyal yas\u0327ant\u0131ya bu\u0308yu\u0308k bir darbe vurmak demek olacakt\u0131r. <\/p>\n
D\u00fcnyada kent sorunlar\u0131 t\u00fcm mevcudiyetini korurken Covid-19 pandemisi, hem mevcut kentsel sorunlarla yeniden y\u00fczle\u015ftirmi\u015f hem de yeni sorunlar\u0131n oldu\u011funu bize g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. \u00d6zellikle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de b\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehirler ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere t\u00fcm kentlerde h\u0131zla artan in\u015faat, do\u011fal alanlar\u0131n tahribat\u0131, altyap\u0131 yetersizli\u011fi, kamusal mekanlar\u0131n azl\u0131\u011f\u0131, kentsel e\u015fitsizlik ve demokratik kat\u0131l\u0131m sorunlar\u0131 ile kentlerin k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr olmu\u015ftur. Salg\u0131n afeti, evde kalabilen c\u0327al\u0131s\u0327anlar ve evde kalamayan c\u0327al\u0131s\u0327anlar ayr\u0131m\u0131nda, ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131n ayr\u0131m\u0131nda, derinle\u015fen yoksulluk ve i\u015fsizlik ayr\u0131m\u0131nda toplumsal sa\u011fl\u0131k e\u015fitsizli\u011fini derinle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Mek\u00e2n\u0131n zaman i\u00e7inde anlam\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesini son bir y\u0131lda t\u00fcm h\u00fccrelerimizde hissedilmi\u015ftir. G\u00fcndelik hayatlar\u0131m\u0131zda \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fimiz g\u00fcn ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e ufalm\u0131\u015f bir k\u0131sm\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7in ev hem dinlenme, hem \u00fcretim, hem e\u011flence, hem al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f, hem sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmeti ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z alan olmu\u015ftur. \u201cSemt bizim ev kira\u201d dedi\u011fimiz kamusal mekanlar\u0131 ev aidiyeti hissetti\u011fimiz zamanlardan sadece evleri sahiplendi\u011fimiz zamanlara s\u00fcresi belli olmayan bir \u015fekilde ge\u00e7i\u015f yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Kamusall\u0131k alg\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n devaml\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi bir zamanda Marshall Bergman\u2019\u0131n ‘Kat\u0131 Olan Her\u015fey Buharla\u015f\u0131yor’ kitab\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan hareketle \u201cS\u00fcrekli de\u011fi\u015fen d\u00fcnyada kendimizi nas\u0131l evimizde hissedebilece\u011fimiz\u201d sorusunun cevab\u0131 aramaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu sorunun cevab\u0131n\u0131 ararken tarihsel olarak di\u011fer salg\u0131nlar\u0131 k\u0131saca incelemek yap\u0131lan mek\u00e2nsal analizleri bilmek yerinde olacakt\u0131r. 1347 Veba Salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n Avrupa\u2019da kentlerin hayat\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6k\u00fcnden de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f, kentlerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tar\u0131msal faaliyetlere ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, Floransa\u2019da ma\u011faza ve fabrikalar kapanm\u0131\u015f ve fiyatlar artmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u0131n\u0131fsal ve kentsel e\u015fitsizlikler daha fazla g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr olmu\u015ftur. Veba evlerinin birka\u00e7 battaniyesi ve \u00e7ok az erzak\u0131 vard\u0131 ve tedbirler kapsam\u0131nda evden \u00e7\u0131kamamak vebadan daha beter olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yoksullar penceresiz kul\u00fcbelerini kurutulmam\u0131\u015f keresteyle yapmakta, damlarda saman kullanmaktad\u0131rlar. Bu da kara s\u0131\u00e7anlar i\u00e7in iyi bir yuva, pireler i\u00e7in de a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki insanlar\u0131n \u00fczerine toz gibi d\u00f6k\u00fclecekleri bir zemin haz\u0131rlamaktad\u0131r. Zengin evleri ise kereste ile yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r (\u00d6zden, K. ve \u00d6zmat, M., 2014). 14. ve 15. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Kraliyetin vergi taleplerinin art\u0131\u015f\u0131na salg\u0131n sonras\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 eklenince isyanlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bununla birlikte 18. ve 19. yu\u0308zy\u0131llarda yas\u0327anan salg\u0131nlar bu\u0308yu\u0308k meka\u0302nsal do\u0308nu\u0308s\u0327u\u0308mler ile birlikte isyanlar\u0131n ve toplumsal ayaklanmalar\u0131n da geldi\u011fini bizlere g\u00f6stermektedir. <\/p>\n
Engels \u201c\u0130ngiltere\u2019de Emek\u00e7i S\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n Durumu\u2019nda\u201d halk\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in kapitalizmdeki s\u0131n\u0131f \u00e7eli\u015fkilerinin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi gerekti\u011fini belirtmektedir. Derin kentsel e\u015fitsizlikler, y\u00fcksek risk alt\u0131ndaki yerellere neden olmaktad\u0131r. Hava kirlili\u011fi, g\u00fcvenlik endi\u015fesi, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 g\u0131daya eri\u015fememe, sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetine eri\u015fiminin s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmas\u0131, i\u015fsizlik k\u00fcm\u00fclatif olarak kentlilerin sa\u011fl\u0131k konusunda ya\u015fam kalitelerini azalmaktad\u0131r. Kentsel e\u015fitsizli\u011fin sa\u011fl\u0131k konusunda yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 farkl\u0131l\u0131klara yap\u0131lan baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar:<\/p>\n
\u25cf 1832 y\u0131l\u0131nda Leeds\u2019de kolera salg\u0131n\u0131 sonras\u0131 haz\u0131rlanan haritada \u00f6l\u00fcm oranlar\u0131 ile konut kalitesi aras\u0131nda bir ba\u011flant\u0131 oldu\u011fu belirlenmi\u015f, en y\u00fcksek \u00f6l\u00fcm oranlar\u0131n\u0131n en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck konut kalitesine sahip alanlarda g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Chadwick, 1842 aktaran Corburn, 2013).
\n\u25cf Nairobinin gecekondu b\u00f6lgelerinde bebek \u00f6l\u00fcm oran\u0131 daha y\u00fcksektir. (APHRC, 2002)
\n\u25cf San Franciscoda Oakland Hills\u2019te do\u011fan biri West Oaklan\u2019da do\u011fan bir ki\u015fiye g\u00f6re 15 y\u0131l daha fazla ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. (ACPHD, 2008)
\n\u25cf Emmanuel Vignerol 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda Paris metro hatt\u0131 \u00fczerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen \u00f6l\u00fcm oranlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi haritada g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Y\u00fcksek gelir grubuna ait insanlar\u0131n oturdu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerde \u00f6l\u00fcm oranlar\u0131, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gelir grubun oturdu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelere g\u00f6re d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr (Vignerol, E., 2011 aktaran Corburn, 2013).<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Covid 19\u2019una dair kentsel e\u015fitsizlikleri g\u00f6steren haritalama \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Asl\u0131 Odman ve Murat T\u00fclek (2020) Hayat Eve S\u0131\u011far uygulamas\u0131ndan elde edilen mek\u00e2nsal verilerle, 2019’da tamamlanan \u0130stanbul’un sosyo-mekansal profillerine dair g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir temsil sunan ‘Veriye Dayal\u0131 Politika Arac\u0131 http:\/\/harita.kent95.org\/]in verilerini \u00e7ak\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak pandemi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda e\u015fitsizliklere dair sorgulamalar yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 6 Eyl\u00fcl 2020 itibar\u0131 ile en \u00e7ok COV\u0130D-19 vakas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ‘y\u00fcksek \u0131s\u0131l\u0131’ k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 b\u00f6lgeler ile, kent95’de nispeten orta- orta alt\u0131 sosyo-ekonomik konuma i\u015faret eden mahalleler (orta\/alt rayi\u00e7 bedel \/ a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kla alt ya\u015f aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda n\u00fcfusun ikamet etti\u011fi yerler) b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmektedir. Salg\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki ‘ola\u011fan halde’ de, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken \u00f6lme ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yerleri kamusal ilgi ve politikalardan uzak kalan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar, Covid-19 kaynakl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmlerde belirgin bir grup olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir.<\/p>\n
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Veloxity.Com \u015eirketi’nin 1 milyon ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefon dola\u015f\u0131m verisinden 17 Mart -24 Mart tarihleri aras\u0131nda derlerdi\u011fi ‘evde en \u00e7ok ve en az zaman ge\u00e7irenler’ haritas\u0131nda ise orta \u00fcst rai\u00e7 bedele sahip semtlerde evde kalanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 y\u00fcksek \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Di\u011fer bir \u00f6rnek ise B\u0130MTA\u015e\u2019\u0131n haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu 4 ana g\u00f6sterge, 22 alt g\u00f6stergeden olu\u015fan bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sonucunda \u0130stanbul\u2019un k\u0131r\u0131lgan b\u00f6lgeleri tespit edilip mek\u00e2nsal yay\u0131l\u0131ma ba\u011fl\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131k haritas\u0131 olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. Esenyurt, Bah\u00e7elievler, Ba\u011fc\u0131lar, Esenler, Gaziosmanpa\u015fa, Sultangazi, Zeytinburnu ve Fatih il\u00e7elerinde yer alan mahallelerin k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131klar\u0131 daha y\u00fcksektir.<\/p>\n Kentsel e\u015fitsizlik ko\u015fullar\u0131m\u0131z hastalan\u0131p hasta olmayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z belirleyebilmektedir. Sosyo- ekonomik ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve donat\u0131lar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck seviyede olan mahallelerin Covid-19 tablosunda \u00e7ok riskli alanlarda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zetle D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde farkl\u0131 zamanlar\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan haritalama \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ile Covid-19 pandemisinde \u0130stanbul\u2019da yap\u0131lan haritalama \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan ana sonu\u00e7 birbirleriyle paralel ve malumun ilam\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bireylerin kendi sa\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 koruyabilmeleri i\u00e7in bireysel y\u00f6ntemlerin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bireylerin sa\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 iktidar\u0131n toplumsal b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl politikalar olu\u015fturmas\u0131 sonucunda olabilir. Sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u015fehir planlamas\u0131 i\u00e7in k\u0131r\u0131lgan mahallelere sadece daha fazla ye\u015fil alan, sa\u011fl\u0131k tesis kurmak bir y\u00f6ntemdir ama b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131rmak anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. \u0130ktidar\u0131n hangi politikalar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k tesisine, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 g\u0131daya eri\u015fime engel oldu\u011fu, toplumsal stres d\u00fczeyini artt\u0131ran yoksulluk, i\u015fsizlik, g\u00fcvenlik endi\u015fesinin nedenleri belirlenip \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yollar\u0131 geli\u015ftirilmelidir.<\/p>\n Kentler oluruna b\u0131rak\u0131lamayacak o\u0308lu\u0308mlu\u0308 ve k\u0131r\u0131lgan, beslenmeleri ve o\u0308zenle bak\u0131lmalar\u0131 gereken organizmalard\u0131r. Kentsel direnc\u0327lilik kavram\u0131 mutlak olmaktan ziyade, do\u0308nu\u0308s\u0327u\u0308msel bir yap\u0131dad\u0131r ve deg\u0306is\u0327en s\u0327artlar kars\u0327\u0131s\u0131nda kentsel sistemin kendisini deg\u0306is\u0327tirmesini ve gelis\u0327tirmesini ic\u0327ermektedir (Galderisi, 2013, aktaran Tu\u011fa\u00e7 2019). Kentsel direnc\u0327lilik kavram\u0131, afetler kars\u0327\u0131s\u0131nda toplumun t\u00fcm kesimini g\u00f6zetecek \u015fekilde kentlerde fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirmek risklere kar\u015f\u0131 uyum sa\u011flama, sa\u011flam olma, yedekli olma, esnek olma, kaynaklara sahip olma, kapsay\u0131c\u0131 olma, entegre olma kapasitesininde su\u0308rekli bir gelis\u0327meyi \u00f6nermektedir.<\/p>\n Adaletli ve diren\u00e7li bir sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u015fehir planlamas\u0131 i\u00e7in belirlenen temel ilkeler: Daha adil kentlerde ya\u015famak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fc sorusu \u00fczerinden kent planlama arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla toplumsal adaletin sa\u011flanabilece\u011fi d\u00fcnyada tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Rioda sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve e\u015fitlik\u00e7i planlama i\u00e7in a\u011f tipi \u00f6rg\u00fctlenen toplum kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, belediye politikalar\u0131 ve merkezi y\u00f6netim taahh\u00fctleri sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mahalli kurumlar favela sakinlerinin yerelden fedarel d\u00fczeye karar al\u0131nan \u00f6l\u00e7ekleri ili\u015fkilendirerek yerel bir kapasite olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Salg\u0131nlar sonucunda iktidar dolay\u0131s\u0131yla planlaman\u0131n toplumun t\u00fcm kesimleri i\u00e7in adil bir kent yaratmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 aksine e\u015fitsizlikleri derinle\u015ftirdi\u011fini mek\u00e2nsal analizlere bilinenleri g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr hale getirmi\u015ftir. Tarihsel bilgimizde derinle\u015fen e\u015fitsizlerin beraberinde dayan\u0131\u015fma ve toplumsal hareketlerin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmekteyiz. COVID-19 sonras\u0131nda uluslararas\u0131 #LeaveNoOneBehind (#KimseyiGerideB\u0131rakma) kampanyas\u0131 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda Covid-19 pandemisinde, t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya yay\u0131lan \u201ckira grevi\u201d ve \u201cyerinden edilmelere kar\u015f\u0131\u201d hareketler ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z afet ilk de\u011fildir ve maalesef son olmayacakt\u0131r. Salg\u0131nla asl\u0131nda afetlere haz\u0131rl\u0131ks\u0131z olu\u015fumuza, e\u015fitsizliklere, do\u011fa talan\u0131na, tar\u0131mla ili\u015fkisi kopar\u0131lan kentlere par\u00e7ac\u0131l ve ge\u00e7ici \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler yerine b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler sa\u011flanmak zorundad\u0131r. Bu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerin sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131n yolu \u201cKat\u0131 Olan Her \u015eeyin Buharla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d mek\u00e2nsal aidiyet alg\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n zamanda de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi bu zamanlarda adil ve diren\u00e7li kent yaratmak i\u00e7in inad\u0131na tekrar tekrar kent hakk\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 savunmak kentler bizimdir dememiz gerekmektedir. Kent hakk\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 savunarak planlama s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine kat\u0131larak, mahallelerden ba\u015flayan a\u011f \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeri ile yerel ve merkezi y\u00f6netim toplumcu politikalar\u0131 t\u00fcm boyutlar\u0131yla birlikte y\u00fcr\u00fctmelilerdir. Bu sayede s\u00fcrekli de\u011fi\u015fen d\u00fcnyada kendimizi evimizde hissedebilece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/p>\n ACPHD. (2008). Unnatural Causes: Healthand Social Innequality in Alameda Country.![\"\"](\"http:\/\/politeknik.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/toplumcu-m2-1024x593.png\")
\u015eirketi\u2019nin derledi\u011fi
\u2018evde en \u00e7ok ve en
az zaman ge\u00e7irenler\u2019
haritas\u0131.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/politeknik.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/toplumcu-m1-1024x501.png\")
K\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131k Haritas\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\n1. Demokratik kat\u0131l\u0131m
\n2. B\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl karar alma
\n3. \u00c7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc izleme
\n4. Sosyal \u00f6\u011frenme
\n5. Uyumluluk ve yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r. <\/p>\n
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\nK\u0131yg\u0131, G. (2020). Salg\u0131n\u0131n Meka\u0302nsal Haf\u0131zas\u0131: Norm, O\u0308lc\u0327ek, Adalet. Spectrum, Say\u0131 2 s.47-49.
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\nOdman, A.ve T\u00fclek M. (2020) Cov\u0131d-19 Pandemisi D\u00f6neminde Sosyomekansal E\u015fitsizlikler Ve Veri \/ Halk Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130li\u015fkisi. T\u00fcrk Tabipler Birli\u011fi Alt\u0131nc\u0131 Ay De\u011ferlendime Raporu. https:\/\/www.ttb.org.tr\/kutuphane\/covid19-rapor_6\/covid19-rapor_6_Part60.pdf
\n\u00d6zden, K. Ve \u00d6zmat, M. (2014). Salg\u0131n ve Kent: 1347 Veba Salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n Avrupa\u2019da Sosyal, Politik ve Ekonomik Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131. \u0130deal Kent S:12 s.60-87. https:\/\/dergipark.org.tr\/en\/download\/article-file\/461752
\nTu\u011fa\u00e7, \u00c7. (2019). Kentsel Direnc\u0327lilik Perspektifinden Yerel Yo\u0308netimlerin Go\u0308revleri ve Sorumluluklar\u0131. \u0130deal Kent S: 2019-3, s. 984-1019. DOI: 10.31198\/idealkent.634144
\nT\u00fcrko\u011flu, H. (2020). Cov\u0131d-19 Sonras\u0131 Kent ve Kent Planlama. \u00fcrkiye Sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 Kentler Birli\u011fi http:\/\/www.skb.gov.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/COVID-19-Sonrasi-Kent-ve-Kent-Planlama-Prof.-Dr.-Handan-Turkoglu.pdf<\/p>\n