{"id":3780,"date":"2012-07-24T14:28:14","date_gmt":"2012-07-24T11:28:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/politeknik.org.tr\/\/?p=3780"},"modified":"2019-01-28T21:01:21","modified_gmt":"2019-01-28T18:01:21","slug":"sermayenin-olduren-kimyasali-asbest-uzerine-coskun-canivar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/sermayenin-olduren-kimyasali-asbest-uzerine-coskun-canivar\/","title":{"rendered":"Sermayenin \u00f6ld\u00fcren kimyasal\u0131; ASBEST \u00fczerine\u2026 &#8211; Co\u015fkun Can\u0131var*"},"content":{"rendered":"<div><strong>Meslek hastal\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131nda maruz kal\u0131nan kimyasallara ba\u011fl\u0131 olu\u015fan hastal\u0131klar geni\u015f bir yer kaplamaktad\u0131r. Asbest en fazla i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne neden olmu\u015f ve halen de \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeye devam eden bu kimyasallar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor. Sanayi devrimi sonras\u0131nda asbest, \u0131s\u0131 ge\u00e7irgenli\u011finin \u00e7ok az olmas\u0131 ve kimyasallara kar\u015f\u0131 diren\u00e7li bir yap\u0131s\u0131 olmas\u0131 nedeniyle sanayide yayg\u0131n bir kullan\u0131m alan\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur. \u0130n\u015faat malzemeleri, elektrikli aletler, iplik ve dokuma, yal\u0131t\u0131m malzemeleri \u00fcretimi, boru, levha, balata \u00fcretimi gibi daha bir\u00e7ok \u00fcr\u00fcnde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle \u00e7imentoya kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 asbest kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada h\u0131zla yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur. Ayr\u0131ca asbestli yap\u0131lar\u0131n bak\u0131m ve onar\u0131m\u0131, asbestten ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve gemilerin s\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fc s\u0131ras\u0131nda ciddi mesleki maruziyet olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/strong><\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>Solunum yoluyla v\u00fccuda giren asbest, mezotelyoma (akci\u011fer zar\u0131 kanseri), plevral plak (akci\u011fer zar\u0131nda lezyonlar), zarlar aras\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131 toplanmas\u0131 ve asbestozis (akci\u011fer dokusunun birikime ba\u011fl\u0131 sertle\u015ferek yap\u0131 ve fonksiyonunun bozulmas\u0131) gibi bir dizi hastal\u0131\u011fa neden olmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar aras\u0131nda mezotelyoma (akci\u011fer zar\u0131 kanseri) maruziyete ba\u011fl\u0131 en \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00fcm nedeni olup, hastalar\u0131n son d\u00f6nemlerinde g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs duvar\u0131 a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131 nedeniyle son derece \u0131zd\u0131rapl\u0131 bir \u00f6l\u00fcme neden olmaktad\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>ILO, d\u00fcnyada 125 milyon ki\u015finin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131nda asbeste maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve her y\u0131l 100.000 ki\u015finin mesleki asbest maruziyeti nedeniyle \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc duyurmu\u015ftur. 2005&#8217;te Fransa Senatosu raporuna g\u00f6re Fransa&#8217;da 1965 ile 1995 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda 35.000 asbest kaynakl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcm ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi vurgulan\u0131rken gelecek 20 y\u0131lda 60.000 ila 100.000 \u00f6l\u00fcm vakas\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015faca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmektedir. Avrupa birli\u011fi uzmanlar\u0131na g\u00f6re 2030 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar yaln\u0131zca Bat\u0131 Avrupa&#8217;da asbeste ba\u011fl\u0131 kanserlerin yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcm say\u0131s\u0131 500.000 olacakt\u0131r. 2000 li y\u0131llarda asbest kullan\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin ciddi s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar getirilmi\u015f olup d\u00fcnyada 40 civar\u0131nda \u00fclkede asbestin t\u00fcm t\u00fcrlerinin \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmas\u0131 ve \u00fcretimde kullan\u0131m\u0131 tamamen yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Asbestin uzun s\u00fcredir kanserojen etkisinin g\u00fcndeme getirilmesi ve meslek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak defalarca dava konusu olmas\u0131, bu alanda milyar dolarl\u0131k art\u0131 de\u011fer havuzu olan \u015firketleri \u00fcretim alan\u0131 olarak ge\u00e7-kapitalistle\u015fen \u00fclkelere y\u00f6neltmi\u015ftir. \u00d6zellikle gemi s\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fc gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede yo\u011fun asbeste maruz kald\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015fler T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;nin de i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu yasal engellerin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkelerde yapt\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;de asbest maruziyeti a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan durum nedir dendi\u011finde ise mesleki temastan \u00f6nce \u00e7evresel asbest maruziyetinden bahsetmek gerekmektedir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7evresel asbest maruziyetine ba\u011fl\u0131 hastal\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclme s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye d\u00fcnyada \u00f6nde gelen \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. \u00c7evresel maruziyet, i\u00e7erisinde asbest bulunan topra\u011f\u0131n (ak toprak veya \u00e7orak toprak olarak isimlendirilen) Anadolu k\u00f6ylerinde kire\u00e7, s\u0131va, \u00e7at\u0131 ve zemin malzemesi olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucu olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle Sivas, Eski\u015fehir, Yozgat, Diyarbak\u0131r, Elaz\u0131\u011f, Ad\u0131yaman ve Urfa&#8217;n\u0131n k\u00f6ylerinde asbeste ba\u011fl\u0131 y\u00fczlerce mezotelyoma (akci\u011fer zar\u0131 kanseri) bildirilmi\u015ftir. \u00c7evresel maruziyetin yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 orta koyan bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara ra\u011fmen, Tuzk\u00f6y&#8217;\u00fcn bo\u015falt\u0131lmas\u0131 ve baz\u0131 k\u00f6ylerde bilgilendirme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 haricinde \u00f6nlem al\u0131nmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;de her y\u0131l 700 ki\u015fi (bilinen) \u00e7evresel asbest maruziyetine ba\u011fl\u0131 mezotelyoma tan\u0131s\u0131 al\u0131p \u00f6l\u00fcme mahkum olmaktad\u0131r. Bu rakam \u00e7evresel maruziyete ba\u011fl\u0131 Bat\u0131 \u00fclkelerine g\u00f6re bin kat fazla \u00f6l\u00fcm anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. \u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki 30 y\u0131lda \u00e7evresel asbest maruziyetine ba\u011fl\u0131 20.000 insan\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 kaybedece\u011fimizi bug\u00fcnden s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;de mesleki asbest maruziyeti, \u00e7evresel maruziyetin g\u00f6lgesinde kalmaktad\u0131r. Hatta \u00f6yle ki, mesleki maruziyet riskinin y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu i\u015f kollar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7iler asbeste ba\u011fl\u0131 akci\u011fer hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 tan\u0131s\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7inin daha \u00f6nce ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu co\u011frafi b\u00f6lge sorgulanmakta ve maruziyetin \u00e7evresel oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek meslek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde tan\u0131mlamamak i\u00e7in \u00e7aba sarfedilmektedir.<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>T\u00fcrkiye 2001&#8217;de Tehlikeli Kimyasallar Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilen y\u00f6netmeli\u011fin 37. maddesi ile amfibol grubu asbestin kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yasaklarken, krizotil t\u00fcr\u00fc asbest i\u00e7in b\u00f6yle bir genel yasak konulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 4857 say\u0131l\u0131 i\u015f kanununa uygun olarak \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan ve 2006&#8217;da y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren asbestle ilgili d\u00fczenlemede \u2018\u2019asbestin \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131, asbest \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin \u00fcretilmesi ve i\u015flenmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7ilerin asbest liflerine maruz kalabilece\u011fi i\u015fler yasakt\u0131r\u2019\u2019 denilse de bu yasak i\u015f\u00e7ilerin maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 havadaki asbest konsantrasyonunun sekiz saatlik zaman a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 ortalama TWA de\u011ferinin 0,1 lif\/cm3 &#8216;\u00fc ge\u00e7memesi olarak uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yani tamamen yasaklama s\u00f6z konusu olmay\u0131p g\u00fcvenli doz aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kullan\u0131m\u0131na devam edilmi\u015ftir. Oysa ki asbeste maruziyette kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f bir g\u00fcvenli doz aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Son olarak Aral\u0131k 2010 da yay\u0131nlanan asbest yasa\u011f\u0131 ile ilgili d\u00fczenleme ile asbestin t\u00fcm t\u00fcrlerinin kullan\u0131m\u0131 tamamen yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00a0Ku\u015fkusuz \u00f6nemli olan y\u00f6netmeli\u011fin getirdi\u011fi bu yasa\u011f\u0131n hi\u00e7bir i\u015f kolunu d\u0131\u015farda b\u0131rakmayacak \u015fekilde uygulanmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>Esnek ve g\u00fcvencesiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n giderek artmas\u0131yla mesleki hastal\u0131klar \u00fczerine uzun soluklu ve g\u00fcvenilir veri toplaman\u0131n imkans\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, i\u015f yeri denetiminin tam bir muamma oldu\u011fu , \u00e7evresel maruziyet nedeniyle k\u00f6y bo\u015faltmak i\u00e7in bakanl\u0131k yetkililerince t\u00fcm k\u00f6y\u00fcn asbestli olmas\u0131n\u0131n kan\u0131tlanmas\u0131n\u0131n istendi\u011fi \u00fclkemizde asbest t\u00fcm h\u0131z\u0131yla \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeye devem edecek gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div><em>Kaynak\u00e7a;<\/em><\/div>\n<div><em>T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;de Asbest ve Erionit ile \u0130lgili Hastal\u0131klar &#8211; Toraks Dergisi Cilt: 8 Ek 1<\/em><\/div>\n<div><em>Asbest Yasa\u011f\u0131 ve T\u00fcrkiye &#8211; isguvenligi.net &#8211; Seyhan Erdo\u011fdu<\/em><\/div>\n<div><em>Asbest: Gizli Hastal\u0131k &#8211; iskilipinsesi.com\u00a0<\/em><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><strong>*Dr. Co\u015fkun Can\u0131var<\/strong><\/div>\n<div><strong>\u00a0\u0130stanbul T\u0131p Fak\u00fcltesi\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<div><strong>\u00a0\u0130stanbul \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u0130\u015f G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Meclisi \u00dcyesi<\/strong><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Meslek hastal\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131nda maruz kal\u0131nan kimyasallara ba\u011fl\u0131 olu\u015fan hastal\u0131klar geni\u015f bir yer kaplamaktad\u0131r. Asbest en fazla i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne neden olmu\u015f ve halen de \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeye devam eden bu kimyasallar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor. Sanayi devrimi sonras\u0131nda asbest, \u0131s\u0131 ge\u00e7irgenli\u011finin \u00e7ok az olmas\u0131 ve kimyasallara kar\u015f\u0131 diren\u00e7li bir yap\u0131s\u0131 olmas\u0131 nedeniyle sanayide yayg\u0131n bir kullan\u0131m alan\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur. \u0130n\u015faat malzemeleri, elektrikli aletler, iplik ve dokuma, yal\u0131t\u0131m malzemeleri \u00fcretimi, boru, levha, balata \u00fcretimi gibi daha bir\u00e7ok \u00fcr\u00fcnde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle \u00e7imentoya kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 asbest kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada h\u0131zla yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur. Ayr\u0131ca asbestli yap\u0131lar\u0131n bak\u0131m ve onar\u0131m\u0131, asbestten ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve gemilerin s\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fc s\u0131ras\u0131nda ciddi mesleki maruziyet olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4689],"tags":[623,1012],"class_list":{"0":"post-3780","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-secki","8":"tag-isci-sagligi-is-guvenligi","9":"tag-isig"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3780","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3780"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3780\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3780"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3780"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3780"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}