{"id":38070,"date":"2022-07-20T15:53:05","date_gmt":"2022-07-20T12:53:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/politeknik.org.tr\/?p=38070"},"modified":"2022-07-21T13:53:37","modified_gmt":"2022-07-21T10:53:37","slug":"bugday-krizi-turkiyede-durum-nedenler-sonuclar-politeknik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/bugday-krizi-turkiyede-durum-nedenler-sonuclar-politeknik\/","title":{"rendered":"Bu\u011fday krizi: T\u00fcrkiye’de durum, nedenler, sonu\u00e7lar – Politeknik"},"content":{"rendered":"

Avrupa\u2019dan Amerika\u2019ya pek \u00e7ok \u00fclkede artan enflasyonla birlikte fiyatlardaki h\u0131zl\u0131 art\u0131\u015f, temel g\u0131dalar\u0131 da fazlaca etkiledi. Rusya \u2013 Ukrayna sava\u015f\u0131yla bu\u011fday en fazla konu\u015fulan g\u0131dalardan biri oldu.<\/p>\n

Enflasyonun uzun zamand\u0131r \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu T\u00fcrkiye yak\u0131n zamanda g\u00fcndeme gelen ay\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi krizinin ard\u0131ndan y\u0131llard\u0131r bilim ve meslek insanlar\u0131n\u0131n uyar\u0131lar\u0131na ra\u011fmen bu\u011fdayda da kriz ya\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyada durum<\/h5>\n

Bu\u011fday tedari\u011fi Covid 19 Pandemisi\u2019nin ard\u0131ndan Rusya-Ukrayna sava\u015f\u0131yla birlikte k\u00fcresel krize girdi. D\u00fcnya bu\u011fday ihracat\u0131nda ba\u015f\u0131 Rusya, AB, ABD, Kanada, Avusturalya ve Ukrayna \u00e7ekiyor.<\/p>\n

2021\/22 \u00fcretim sezonunda k\u00fcresel bu\u011fday \u00fcretiminin bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131la g\u00f6re %1\u2019lik art\u0131\u015fla 781 milyon ton, t\u00fcketiminin ise ge\u00e7mi\u015f y\u0131la g\u00f6re %1\u2019lik art\u0131\u015fla 778 milyon ton olaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Bu ince denge hem tedarikteki olas\u0131 bir krizi tetikliyor hem de fiyatlara yans\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

IGC (Uluslaras\u0131 Hububat Konseyi) raporuna g\u00f6re 2018\/19 sezonunda 168 milyon ton olan d\u00fcnya bu\u011fday ticareti, 2019\/20 sezonunda 184 milyon tona ula\u015ft\u0131. IGC, ticaretin 2020\/21 sezonunda 191 milyon tona ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tahmin ediyor. 2021\/22 projeksiyonunda d\u00fcnya ticaretine konu olan bu\u011fday miktar\u0131n\u0131n 3 milyon ton azalarak 188 milyon tona gerilemesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

2020\/21 sezonunda 39,5 milyon ton ihracat ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirece\u011fi tahmin edilen Rusya’n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki sezonda 40 milyon ton civar\u0131nda ihracat ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesi bekleniyor. Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde AB’nin 33 milyon ton, ABD’nin 25 milyon ton, Kanada’n\u0131n 23,5 milyon ton, Avustralya 21 milyon ton, Ukrayna’n\u0131n 20 milyon ton, Arjantin’in 13 milyon ton ihracat yapaca\u011f\u0131 tahmin ediliyor.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u0130thalat taraf\u0131nda ise M\u0131s\u0131r, Endonezya, \u00c7in, T\u00fcrkiye, Cezayir, Banglade\u015f ve Brezilya gibi \u00fclkeler \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Bu \u00fclkelerin 2021\/22 sezonundaki ithalatlar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle: M\u0131s\u0131r 13 milyon ton, Endonezya 10 milyon ton, \u00c7in 10,5 milyon ton, T\u00fcrkiye 9 milyon ton, Cezayir 6,5 milyon ton, Banglade\u015f 6,5 milyon ton ve Brezilya 6,6 milyon ton. Fiyatlardaki t\u0131rman\u0131\u015f ve sava\u015f\u0131n bir sonucu olarak limanlarda bekletilen tah\u0131llar g\u00f6steriyor ki ithalat yapan \u00fclkeleri daha zor g\u00fcnler bekliyor.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye nas\u0131l bu\u011fday ithal eden bir \u00fclke oldu?<\/h5>\n

Bu\u011fday y\u0131lda bir kez \u00fcretimi yap\u0131lan ve \u00fclkenin temel tah\u0131l ambar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan g\u0131das\u0131d\u0131r. AKP\u2019li y\u0131llarda tar\u0131mda da d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 artt\u0131ran politikalar T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ekonomik kriz, d\u00f6viz kriziyle birlikte en temel g\u0131dalar\u0131n\u0131 edinemez, \u00fcretemez, t\u00fcketemez hale getirdi.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bu\u011fday\u0131n en fazla \u00fcretildi\u011fi iller Konya, \u015eanl\u0131urfa ve Diyarbak\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Toprak Mahsulleri Ofisi (TMO) verilerine<\/a> g\u00f6re 2002 y\u0131l\u0131nda 9,3 milyon hektar olan bu\u011fday ekim alan\u0131 2020-2021 sezonunda 6,9 milyon hektara geriledi. (Tablo 1)<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

T\u00dc\u0130K ve TMO verilerine g\u00f6re, T\u00fcrkiye’de bu\u011fday \u00fcretimi 2002’de 19.500.000 ton iken, 2015’te 22 milyon ton; 2020’de ise 20 milyon 500 bin ton; 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda 17 milyon 650 bin ton oldu.<\/p>\n

Yani AKP\u2019nin 20 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ekili bu\u011fday alanlar\u0131 %25 azald\u0131. Bu\u011fday \u00fcretimi artmad\u0131, n\u00fcfus ise 69 milyondan 84 milyona \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla t\u00fcketim artt\u0131.\"\"<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye her ge\u00e7en y\u0131l daha fazla bu\u011fday ithal ediyor<\/h5>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin en fazla bu\u011fday ithalat\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclke Rusya. 2019\/20 itibariyle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de toplam bu\u011fday arz\u0131n\u0131n %37\u2019sini ithalat olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n

2001 y\u0131l\u0131nda 1.117 milyon ton olan bu\u011fday ithalat\u0131<\/a>, 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 9 milyon ton oldu.<\/p>\n

Fiyatlar t\u0131rman\u0131yor<\/strong><\/h5>\n

TMO\u2019nun yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 G\u00fcnl\u00fck Piyasa ve Borsa Fiyatlar\u0131<\/a> B\u00fcltenine g\u00f6re; 25.05.2022 tarihinde yurt i\u00e7i k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 sert ekmeklik bu\u011fday piyasa fiyat\u0131 6.182 TL\/ton (379 $\/ton), Konya Ticaret Borsas\u0131nda ekmeklik bu\u011fday fiyat\u0131 6.285 TL\/ton (386 $\/ton) oldu.<\/p>\n

Bu de\u011ferler 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda 1.350 TL\/Ton, 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda 1.650 TL idi. 2,5 y\u0131l gibi k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcrede 5 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kan bu\u011fday nedeniyle ekmek fiyat\u0131 5 TL\u2019ye kadar \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Halk ekme\u011fe dahi ula\u015famayacak boyuta geldi.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u00c7ift\u00e7i tar\u0131mdan koptu, tarlalar-meralar bo\u015f kald\u0131<\/strong><\/h5>\n

\u00dcretiminden para kazanamayan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli i\u015fletmeler i\u00e7in tar\u0131m, ge\u00e7imlerini sa\u011flayacak bir ekonomik faaliyet olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Tar\u0131mda ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen milli gelir 3.200-3.300 dolar dolay\u0131nda yani T\u00fcrkiye ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te biri kadard\u0131r. Yoksulla\u015fan \u00e7ift\u00e7iler tar\u0131mdan kopuyor, tarlalar ve meralar bo\u015f kal\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Son 17 y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6nemde \u00c7ifti Kay\u0131t Sistemi\u2019ne (\u00c7KS) kay\u0131tl\u0131 \u00e7ift\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131 %19,5 oran\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Tar\u0131m\u0131n istihdamdaki pay\u0131 y\u00fczde 35\u2019ten y\u00fczde 17\u2019ye geriledi. Bu d\u00f6nemde tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131 3,5 milyon hektar azald\u0131 (Tablo 2).<\/p>\n

\"\"
Y\u0131llara g\u00f6re kay\u0131tl\u0131 \u00e7ift\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131, tar\u0131msal istihdam ve tar\u0131m arazisi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ekim alanlar\u0131n\u0131n daralmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00fcretimin ve kalitenin de d\u00fc\u015fmesiyle olu\u015fan bu\u011fday a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131, ithalat\u0131n h\u0131zla artmas\u0131na neden oluyor. \u0130\u00e7 piyasada artan bu\u011fday fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131 frenlemek gerek\u00e7esine s\u0131\u011f\u0131narak \u00e7ift\u00e7iyi ithalatla terbiye etme anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00fcreticinin bu\u011fday ekiminden vazge\u00e7mesine ve ithalata ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n artmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye d\u00fcnyan\u0131n y\u00fcksek oranlarda bu\u011fday ithal eden \u00fclkelerinden biri haline getirildi.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

T\u00fcrkiye ad\u0131m ad\u0131m krize s\u00fcr\u00fckleniyor<\/strong><\/h5>\n

AKP iktidar\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi bu\u011fdayda kendine yetemez hale getirdi.<\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl bir tar\u0131m politikas\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmedi. \u00dclkenin ekili alanlar\u0131 azald\u0131, \u00fcretim, verimlilik yerinde sayd\u0131, artan n\u00fcfusla birlikte t\u00fcketim artt\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00dcreticiler; tohum, g\u00fcbre, mazot v.b girdi maliyetleri d\u00f6viz art\u0131\u015f\u0131yla birlikte h\u0131zl\u0131ca artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fcretemez hale geldi.<\/p>\n

\u00dcreticileri korumakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc Toprak Mahs\u00fclleri Ofisi, ithalat ofisine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

\u00dcreticileri te\u015fvik etmek, desteklemek yerine ithalata y\u00f6nelen AKP iktidar\u0131, d\u00f6viz art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve d\u00fcnyadaki g\u0131da fiyatlar\u0131 art\u0131\u015f\u0131 da g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00fclke varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ithalata harcam\u0131\u015f oldu. \u00dclke ad\u0131m ad\u0131m g\u0131da krizine s\u00fcr\u00fcklendi. Halk en temel g\u0131daya eri\u015femez oldu.<\/p>\n

Politeknik<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Avrupa\u2019dan Amerika\u2019ya pek \u00e7ok \u00fclkede artan enflasyonla birlikte fiyatlardaki h\u0131zl\u0131 art\u0131\u015f, temel…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":38074,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4978,4688],"tags":[5543,5545,5544,5546,1622,3712,3230],"class_list":{"0":"post-38070","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-gida-politeknik-gundem-2","8":"category-politeknik-gundem-2","9":"tag-bugday","10":"tag-bugdayfiyatlari","11":"tag-bugdaykrizi","12":"tag-dunya-bugday","13":"tag-gida","14":"tag-manset","15":"tag-tarim"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38070","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38070"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38070\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/38074"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38070"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=38070"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=38070"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}