{"id":3845,"date":"2012-09-19T11:30:29","date_gmt":"2012-09-19T08:30:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/politeknik.org.tr\/\/?p=3845"},"modified":"2019-01-29T14:51:48","modified_gmt":"2019-01-29T11:51:48","slug":"politeknik-muhendis-mimar-ve-sehir-plancilari-guvencesizlik-anketi-degerlendirmesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/politeknik-muhendis-mimar-ve-sehir-plancilari-guvencesizlik-anketi-degerlendirmesi\/","title":{"rendered":"Politeknik M\u00fchendis, Mimar ve \u015eehir Planc\u0131lar\u0131 G\u00fcvencesizlik Anketi De\u011ferlendirmesi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sunu\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n

Teknik elemanlar\u0131n kapitalizm i\u00e7indeki konumu 200 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fimler g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. M\u00fchendis, Mimar ve \u015eehir Planc\u0131lar\u0131 teknik problemleri \u00e7\u00f6zen, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fin s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine hakim olan ve sermayenin, y\u00f6netimin ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 elemanlar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan say\u0131sal ve oransal olarak olduk\u00e7a k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kesimden kitlesel olarak emek piyasas\u0131nda yer alan, par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f i\u015flerde s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 etkileri olan bir kesime d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ancak, ge\u00e7mi\u015fin \u201cihti\u015fam\u0131, ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131, zenginli\u011fi\u201d teknik elemanlar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde bir bulut gibi dola\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bir yandan, insanlar \u00fcniversite tercihlerinde m\u00fchendislik, mimarl\u0131k, \u015fehir planc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na yer verirken alana duyulan mesleki ilginin yan\u0131nda ge\u00e7mi\u015fin parlak g\u00fcnlerinin izlenimlerini ta\u015f\u0131makta ve bu izlenimlerle okulun zorluklar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015f\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131na girmektedir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131nda da i\u015fyerleriyle, birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilerle ili\u015fkilerinde ayn\u0131 izlenimi kafas\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Meslekta\u015flar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6rece h\u0131zl\u0131 \u015fekilde y\u00f6netici olmas\u0131 veya kendi i\u015fyerlerini kurarak i\u015fveren haline gelmesi de ge\u00e7mi\u015ften gelen izlenimlerle birle\u015ferek ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 bir gelecek hayalini beslemektedir.<\/p>\n

M\u00fchendis, mimar ve \u015fehir planc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvencesiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131ndan nas\u0131l etkilendi\u011fini ve ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilecek direni\u015f e\u011filimlerini daha yak\u0131ndan g\u00f6rmek amac\u0131yla Politeknik taraf\u0131ndan 2011 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Ekim-Kas\u0131m aylar\u0131nda \u201cG\u00fcvencesizlik Durum Anketi\u201d ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Anket \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 hem elden, hem de elektronik ortamda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Sorular\u0131 cevaplayan 520 ki\u015finin 120\u2019si elden, 400\u2019\u00fc de elektronik ortamda ankete kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n

G\u00fcvencesizlik anketi, \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda istatistiksel olarak belirlenmi\u015f ki\u015filerle yap\u0131lan bir anket de\u011fildir. Bu nedenle tam anlam\u0131yla bir temsiliyet iddias\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mamaktad\u0131r. Sorular\u0131n yan\u0131tlanmas\u0131, Politeknik\u2019in \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fck durumunu, anket i\u00e7in motive olan alanlar\u0131 da yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r. Bu durum, (anket \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndaki \u00f6znelli\u011fin etkisi) politik e\u011filimler konusunda \u00fclke genelini yans\u0131tma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan sorun olu\u015ftursa da, anketteki ana ama\u00e7 olan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015fartlar\u0131 ve g\u00fcvencesizlik konusunda ise sonucu yo\u011fun \u015fekilde etkileyecek bir fakt\u00f6r de\u011fildir. <\/p>\n

Sorular\u0131 cevaplayan 520 ki\u015fi anlaml\u0131 bir b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olu\u015fturmakta ve \u00e7e\u015fitli g\u00f6zlemlerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131na olanak vermektedir. Bu niteli\u011fiyle, yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan di\u011fer alan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve somut g\u00f6zlemlerle birlikte ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda y\u00f6nelimler \u00fczerine fikir verebilmektedir. <\/p>\n

Kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

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<\/font><\/font>Tablo 1. Ankete kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n okullar\u0131na g\u00f6re gruplanmas\u0131<\/font><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

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<\/font>\u0130STANBUL \u00dcN\u0130V. <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/font>ODT\u00dc <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/font>21<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/font>ESK\u0130\u015eEH\u0130R OSMANGAZ\u0130 <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/font>13<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/font>GAZ\u0130 \u00dcN\u0130V. <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/font>HACETTEPE <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/font>KOCAEL\u0130 <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/font>7<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/font>DOKUZ EYL\u00dcL <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/font>6<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/font>M\u0130MAR S\u0130NAN <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/font>6<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/font>ULUDA\u011e <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/font>6<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/font>SEL\u00c7UK <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/font>D\u0130\u011eER \u00dcN\u0130V.<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/font>61<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/font>74<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/font>14,3<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/font>TOPLAM<\/font><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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<\/font>519<\/font><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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<\/font>100<\/font><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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<\/font><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

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G\u00fcvencesizlik anketine en yo\u011fun kat\u0131l\u0131m Y\u0131ld\u0131z Teknik \u00dcniversitesi mezunlar\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere \u0130stanbul\u2019daki \u00fcniversitelerden olmu\u015ftur. Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n %37\u2019si YT\u00dc, %17\u2019si \u0130T\u00dc, %5\u2019i \u0130\u00dc ve %4\u2019\u00fc ODT\u00dc mezunu iken %14\u2019l\u00fck bir kesim bu soruya cevap vermemi\u015ftir. Ankete kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n %60\u2019\u0131 \u0130stanbul\u2019da mesleki e\u011fitimini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130stanbul\u2019u %7\u2019ile Ankara takip etmektedir. Ankete kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 metropol \u015fehir \u00fcniversitelerinden mezundur. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda anketin, mezun say\u0131s\u0131 h\u0131zla artm\u0131\u015f olan ta\u015fra \u00fcniversitelerinden mezun olanlara g\u00f6re daha avantajl\u0131 olan bir kitle taraf\u0131ndan cevaplanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. <\/p>\n

Ankete kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n %12\u2019si anketin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fi 2011 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7inde mezun olmu\u015ftur. Daha \u00f6nceki 5 y\u0131lda (2006-2010 aras\u0131) mezun olanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 ise %53\u2019t\u00fcr. B\u00f6ylece mezuniyet s\u00fcresi 6 y\u0131ldan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 olanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 %65\u2019tir. Son 10 y\u0131lda (2001\u2019den itibaren) mezun olanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 ise %82\u2019yi bulmaktad\u0131r. Anket kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 olduk\u00e7a gen\u00e7 bir topluluktur. Bu durum, bir yandan \u00f6znel sapmalar\u0131 yans\u0131t\u0131rken, \u00f6te yandan h\u0131zl\u0131 \u015fekilde artan \u00fcniversite kontenjanlar\u0131n\u0131 da yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n

Anketi cevaplayanlar\u0131n %66\u2019s\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak yap\u0131 sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde faaliyet g\u00f6steren odalar\u0131n (\u0130MO, MO, EMO, MMO) kapsam\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. Bu bran\u015flar ayn\u0131 zamanda TMMOB\u2019nin say\u0131ca en b\u00fcy\u00fck ve en etkin odalar\u0131d\u0131r.
Ankete kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n %35\u2019i y\u00fcksek lisans yapm\u0131\u015f veya yapmaktad\u0131r. Mimarlar Odas\u0131 Ankara \u015eubesinin anketinde bu oran % 21\u2019dir. \u0130\u015fsizlik ve rekabet bask\u0131s\u0131yla lisans\u00fcst\u00fc e\u011fitim ihtiyac\u0131 artmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n

\u0130stihdam Bi\u00e7imi ve \u0130\u015fsizlik<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n %66\u2019s\u0131 \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rde \u00fccretli olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Kamuda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan %25\u2019lik kesim ile birlikte \u00fccretli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 %91\u2019e ula\u015fmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zel sekt\u00f6rde \u00fcst d\u00fczey y\u00f6netici ve i\u015fyeri sahibi veya orta\u011f\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar ise %9\u2019dur. \u00dccretli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 TMMOB ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131ndan fazla olarak tespit edilmi\u015ftir. Ankete kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n gen\u00e7 ve yeni mezun olu\u015funun bu duruma etkisi olmu\u015ftur. Ancak, genel olarak m\u00fchendisler i\u00e7inde zaten y\u00fcksek olan (y\u0131llard\u0131r %80 civar\u0131) \u00fccretli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma oran\u0131n\u0131n giderek daha da artmas\u0131 kapitalist i\u015fleyi\u015fin bir sonucu olarak muhtemeldir. <\/p>\n

Anket kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n %44\u2019\u00fc 50 ki\u015fiden daha az i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli i\u015fyerlerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. 51-200 aras\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 olan orta \u00f6l\u00e7ekli i\u015fletmelerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 %19; 201 ile 1.000 ki\u015fi aras\u0131ndaki i\u015fyerlerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 %21 ve 1.000 ki\u015fiden fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 olan yerlerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 ise %16\u2019d\u0131r. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n genel olarak T\u00fcrkiye ortalamas\u0131ndan daha b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015fyerlerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ancak, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli i\u015fyerleri de yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. <\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fyerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan MM\u015eP\u2019lerin say\u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde ankete kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n 1\/3\u2019\u00fc 5 ki\u015fiye kadar m\u00fchendis \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran i\u015fyerlerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. %23\u2019\u00fc 6-15 aras\u0131; %14\u2019\u00fc 16-30 aras\u0131; %14\u2019\u00fc ise 31-100 aras\u0131 MM\u015eP \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran i\u015fyerlerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. 100\u2019\u00fcn \u00fczerinde MM\u015eP \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran i\u015fyerlerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 ise %16\u2019d\u0131r. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kadar\u0131yla MM\u015eP\u2019lerin yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131s\u0131 i\u015fyeri boyutu ve m\u00fchendis say\u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan i\u015fyerinde i\u015fverenle birebir ili\u015fkilerin hakim oldu\u011fu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli i\u015fyerlerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken di\u011fer yar\u0131s\u0131 ise ili\u015fkilerin daha formel, daha az ki\u015fisel oldu\u011fu boyutlarda i\u015fyerlerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bu durum birebir ili\u015fkilerin konumlar\u0131 bulan\u0131kla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 etkisini azaltma potansiyeli ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n

Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n %15\u2019i i\u015fsiz olduklar\u0131n\u0131 belirtirken %9\u2019u da e\u011fitim g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri alan d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir i\u015fte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131rlar. Toplamda kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n d\u00f6rtte biri e\u011fitim g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc mesle\u011fi yapamamaktad\u0131r. Anket yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada i\u015fsiz olanlar\u0131n %29\u2019unun daha \u00f6nce i\u015f deneyimi yoktur. %66\u2019s\u0131 daha \u00f6nce \u00fccretli olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakta iken, %5\u2019lik bir kesim \u201ckendi hesab\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u201dd\u0131r. <\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fsiz kalma nedenleri ise \u201c\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131\u201d, \u201ci\u015fverenle anla\u015famama\u201d, \u201cd\u00fczensiz \u00fccret \u00f6denmesi\u201d, \u201ci\u015fyerinin\/i\u015fyerimin kapanmas\u0131\u201d, \u201cmesleki rekabet\u201d, \u201cideolojik uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k\u201d, \u201caskerlik\u201d, \u201cy\u00fcksek lisans\/doktora yapma\u201d \u015feklinde s\u0131ralanmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n

Ankete kat\u0131lan MM\u015eP\u2019lerin %73\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn toplam olarak i\u015fsiz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre 6 aydan k\u0131sad\u0131r. Toplam i\u015fsizlik s\u00fcresi 6 ay ile 1 y\u0131l aras\u0131nda olanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 %15; 1-2 y\u0131l aras\u0131 olanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 %8; 2 y\u0131ldan fazla olanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 ise %4\u2019t\u00fcr. Ankete kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n \u00f6nemli k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n gen\u00e7 MM\u015eP\u2019ler olmas\u0131 toplam i\u015fsizlik s\u00fcresinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131na etki etmektedir. Ancak, yine de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n dikkate de\u011fer bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u015fsizlikle ge\u00e7ti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. <\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f de\u011fi\u015ftirme s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ankete kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131s\u0131 2 veya 3\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc i\u015finde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. %27 ise ilk i\u015finde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam etmektedir. 4 ve daha fazla i\u015fyerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f olanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 da %23\u2019t\u00fcr. \u015eu anda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan i\u015fe ili\u015fkin soruyu cevaplayanlar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131s\u0131 1 y\u0131ldan az s\u00fcredir bu i\u015fte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. 1-3 y\u0131l aras\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar ise %25\u2019tir. 3 y\u0131ldan uzun s\u00fcredir mevcut i\u015finde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 ise cevaplayanlar i\u00e7inde %24\u2019t\u00fcr. Bu soruya, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n %31\u2019i cevap vermemi\u015ftir. <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma D\u00fczeni ve \u0130\u015fyeriyle \u0130li\u015fkiler<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kamu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in haftal\u0131k normal yasal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi 40 saat; i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar i\u00e7in ise kamu ve \u00f6zel fark etmeksizin 45 saattir. Bu s\u00fcrelerin \u00fcst\u00fcndeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ise fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131r.
Politeknik G\u00fcvencesizlik anketine kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n %7\u2019si haftal\u0131k olarak 40 saatten az \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 \u201ck\u0131smi zamanl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u201d olarak de\u011ferlendirmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. 40-44 saat aras\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar %32\u2019dir. Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n %25\u2019inin kamuda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 yukarda belirtilmi\u015fti. Ancak bu kesimin ne kadar\u0131n\u0131n 657 say\u0131l\u0131 yasaya g\u00f6re kamu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 (\u201cmemur\u201d), ne kadar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan (\u201ci\u015f\u00e7i\u201d) oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirmesi yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yine de bu verilerle birlikte ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 40-44 saat aras\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn kamu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 oldu\u011fu sonucuna var\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bununla birlikte i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n ve \u015firket sahiplerinin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc de haftal\u0131k 40-44 saat aras\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Ankete kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n %17\u2019si haftal\u0131k 45 saat \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. %25\u2019lik bir kesim 46-55 saat aras\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, haftada 55 saatin \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 %19\u2019dur. <\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar i\u00e7in belirlenen haftal\u0131k 45 saatlik s\u00fcre d\u00fcnya genelinde benimsenen 40 saatin \u00fczerindeyken, baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerde haftal\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcreleri 40 saatin alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr ve bu konudaki m\u00fccadele devam etmektedir. Bu durumla birlikte ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise ankete kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n %44\u2019l\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn haftal\u0131k 45 saatin \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131; yasal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi 40 saat olan kamu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirme d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun haftal\u0131k yasal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresinin \u00fcst\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.
\u00d6zellikle haftal\u0131k 55 saatin \u00fcst\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n, t\u00fcm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n be\u015fte birine yak\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturmas\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r bir tabloyu g\u00f6stermektedir. <\/p>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcreleri bu kadar y\u00fcksek iken, ankete kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n yaln\u0131zca %15\u2019i kendilerine fazla mesai \u00fccreti \u00f6dendi\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir. Haftal\u0131k olarak 45 saatten fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 %44 iken fazla mesai \u00fccreti alanlar\u0131n oran\u0131n\u0131n %15\u2019te kalmas\u0131 \u00e7ok yo\u011fun \u015fekilde angarya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. <\/p>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcrelerinin da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise Cumartesi ve Pazar g\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131p haftada iki g\u00fcn dinlenme olana\u011f\u0131 bulanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 %40\u2019ta kalmaktad\u0131r. Bu kesimin \u00f6nemli k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 da kamu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Cumartesi yar\u0131m g\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar %15; Cumartesi tam g\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar %16; Pazar g\u00fcn\u00fc de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar ise %10\u2019dur. \u201cBelli olmuyor\u201d diyenler de %18\u2019lik bir kesimi olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Bu durumda \u00f6zellikle \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in rahat ve yeterli bir dinlenme ve kendini yenileme s\u00fcresi s\u00f6zkonusu de\u011fildir.
\u00dccret gelirinin miktar\u0131 da ara\u015ft\u0131rmada kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lara sorulmu\u015ftur. <\/p>\n

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<\/font><\/font>Tablo 2. Net \u00dccret Geliri<\/font><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

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\n <\/font><\/p>\n\n <\/font><\/p>\n <\/font><\/p>\n <\/font><\/p>\n <\/font><\/p>\n <\/font><\/p>\n <\/font><\/p>\n <\/font><\/p>\n
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<\/font><\/font>Net \u00dccret Geliri<\/font><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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<\/font><\/font>Oran (%)<\/font><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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<\/font>1001-1500<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/font><\/font>11<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/font>1501-2000<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/font><\/font>22<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/font>2001-3000<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/font><\/font>40<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/font>3001-4000<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/font><\/font>15<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/font>4000\u2019den fazla<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/font><\/font>10<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/font>Di\u011fer<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/font><\/font>2<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/font><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

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EMO taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan m\u00fchendis asgari \u00fccreti raporunda bekar bir m\u00fchendisin ge\u00e7inebilmesi i\u00e7in gerekli asgari \u00fccret 2.000 TL olarak belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bu durumda ankete kat\u0131lan MM\u015eP\u2019lerin \u00fc\u00e7te biri bu seviyenin alt\u0131nda \u00fccret almaktad\u0131r. Ankete kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 metropol \u00fcniversite mezunlar\u0131n\u0131n (en ba\u015fta YT\u00dc ve \u0130T\u00dc) olu\u015fturdu\u011fu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunduruldu\u011funda, genel ortalamada s\u00f6zkonusu 2.000 TL\u2019lik ge\u00e7imlik \u00fccretin alt\u0131nda \u00fccret alanlar\u0131n daha fazla olaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. <\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan \u00fclkemizde yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda 4 ki\u015filik bir ailenin yoksulluk s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 genel olarak 3.000 TL civar\u0131nda tespit edilmektedir. Ankete kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n %73\u2019\u00fc bu s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n alt\u0131nda \u00fccret almaktad\u0131r. MM\u015eP\u2019lerin ortalama \u00fccret seviyeleri \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fundan y\u00fcksek olmakla \u00fclkede insanca bir ya\u015fam i\u00e7in gerekli olandan daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. <\/p>\n

Gerilim Alanlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201c\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmakta oldu\u011funuz i\u015fe dair kayg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131z nelerdir?\u201dsorusunu, ankete kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n %25\u2019i bu soruyu cevaps\u0131z b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f, %11\u2019lik kesim ise \u201ckayg\u0131m yok\u201d \u015feklinde yan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kayg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ifade edenler ise toplam kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n %64\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. En y\u00fcksek kayg\u0131 nedeni %20 ile \u00fccret d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc iken, \u201cd\u00fczenli \u00fccret alamama\u201d se\u00e7ene\u011fini de %6 ifade etmi\u015ftir. \u0130\u015ften \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lma kayg\u0131s\u0131 kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n %14\u2019\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan ifade edilmi\u015ftir. Par\u00e7a \u015feklinde\/d\u00fczensiz i\u015f alma kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n %7\u2019si i\u00e7in kayg\u0131 nedenidir. Daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oranda ifade edilen di\u011fer kayg\u0131lar ise toplamda %17\u2019yi olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n

\u00dccret konusu kayg\u0131 duyulan konular\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda gelirken, i\u015fyerinde \u00fccret art\u0131\u015f\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131na dair bir izlenimi olmayanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 %59\u2019dur. <\/p>\n

\u00dclkemiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fam\u0131nda sigorta primlerinin ger\u00e7ek de\u011ferinin alt\u0131nda yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n olduk\u00e7a yayg\u0131n oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. E\u011fitimli bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kesimi olan MM\u015eP\u2019ler i\u00e7in de bu durum de\u011fi\u015fmemektedir. Ankete kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n %65\u2019i SGK priminin ger\u00e7ek \u00fccret \u00fczerinden \u00f6denmedi\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir. Kamu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n primlerinin ger\u00e7ek \u00fccretleri \u00fczerinden yat\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor olaca\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131m\u0131yla hareket edildi\u011finde \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan her on ki\u015fiden 9\u2019unun primlerinin eksik yat\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu yayg\u0131nl\u0131k ta primlerin eksik yatmas\u0131n\u0131n sadece meslek ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda daha dezavantajl\u0131 d\u00f6nemle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fam\u0131na yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. SGK priminin eksik yatmas\u0131, i\u015fsizlik, emeklilik ve maluliyet gibi durumlarda elde edilecek gelirin de daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n

Ankette kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lardan, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresince kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan en yak\u0131c\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 s\u0131ralamalar\u0131 istenmi\u015ftir. En yak\u0131c\u0131 sorunlar olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccret (%19), uzun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri (%15), hafta sonu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma (%11), i\u015fyerindeki hiyerar\u015fi (%10), sigorta primlerinin eksik yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 (%10), k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00f6denmesi\/\u00f6denmemesi (%5) olarak ifade edilmi\u015ftir. Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7te biri (%30) bu soruyu bo\u015f b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
Ankete kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fam\u0131nda hukuki yard\u0131ma ihtiya\u00e7 duyup duymad\u0131klar\u0131na ili\u015fkin soruya cevap verenlerin yar\u0131ya yak\u0131n\u0131 (%44) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131nda hukuki yard\u0131m alma ihtiyac\u0131 duymu\u015ftur. Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n %31\u2019i ise bu soruya cevap vermemi\u015ftir. \u0130htiya\u00e7 duyulan hukuki yard\u0131m konular\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n fazla mesailer ve y\u0131ll\u0131k izinler (%12); hakl\u0131\/haks\u0131z s\u00f6zle\u015fme feshi (%11); k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131 alma hakk\u0131 (%9); k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131n\u0131n hesaplanmas\u0131 (%6) konular\u0131 s\u0131ralanmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n

\u201c\u0130\u015fyerinizde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131yla ilgili ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 bir tepkiniz oldu mu?\u201d sorusunu sorusunu kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n %69\u2019u yan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Soruyu cevaplayanlar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 2\/3\u2019\u00fc (%63) \u201cevet\u201d cevab\u0131 verirken, %23 \u201chay\u0131r\u201d, %14 ise \u201chi\u00e7bir s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmad\u0131m\u201d demektedir.\u00a0 T\u00fcm kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda i\u015fyerindeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131yla ilgili s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lara tepki verenlerin oran\u0131 %43 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu da az\u0131msanmayacak bir orand\u0131r.
G\u00f6sterilen tepki sonucunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiklik oldu mu?\u201d sorusuna ise soruyu cevaplayanlar\u0131n\u00a0 (%52) \u00fc\u00e7te ikisi \u201chay\u0131r bir \u015fey de\u011fi\u015fmedi\u201d derken \u00bc\u2019\u00fc \u201cevet olumlu sonu\u00e7land\u0131\u201d demektedir. Cevaplayanlar\u0131n %8\u2019i ise tepki sonras\u0131nda i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedir. <\/p>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131nda cinsiyeti nedeniyle ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtilenlerin oran\u0131, soru cinsiyet ayr\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6zetmeden sorulmu\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen %25\u2019tir. Ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa u\u011frayanlar\u0131n u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti\u011fi ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k t\u00fcr\u00fc ise \u201cistedi\u011fi pozisyonda \u00e7al\u0131\u015famamak\u201d, \u201cnitelik gerektirmeyen i\u015fleri tercih etmek durumunda kalmak\u201d, \u201cayn\u0131 i\u015fi yapmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen erkek meslekta\u015flar\u0131na g\u00f6re daha az \u00fccret almak\u201d \u015feklinde s\u0131ralanmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 ve De\u011ferlendirme<\/strong><\/p>\n

G\u00fcvencesizlik Durum Anketi, g\u00fcvencesiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik bi\u00e7imlerinin (i\u015fsizlik, meslek d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, s\u0131k i\u015f de\u011fi\u015ftirme, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretler, uzun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcreleri, sigorta primlerinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 vb.) m\u00fchendis, mimar ve \u015fehir planc\u0131lar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da yo\u011fun \u015fekilde ya\u015fanmakta oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.\u00a0
Olduk\u00e7a gen\u00e7 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 bir kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 profiliyle yap\u0131lan \u201cG\u00fcvencesizlik Durum Anketi\u201d y\u00fcksek oranl\u0131 bir i\u015fsizli\u011fi ve meslek d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Her d\u00f6rt kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131dan birisi mevcut durumda e\u011fitim g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc mesle\u011fi yapamamaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015fsizlik, \u00f6zellikle gen\u00e7ler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan daha yak\u0131c\u0131 olmakla birlikte genel olarak MM\u015eP\u2019ler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da bir sorun alan\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n

Uzun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00fccret alamamak \u00f6zellikle \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n yo\u011fun olarak ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir sorundur. Sigorta primleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck yat\u0131r\u0131lmakta, bu da i\u015fsizlik ve emeklilik durumunda ele ge\u00e7ecek geliri azaltarak yoksulla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 etki yapmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n

Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131larda i\u015fyerlerinde ya\u015fanan sorunlarda k\u0131smen de olsa kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f e\u011filimi ve prati\u011fi oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Sunu\u015f\nTeknik elemanlar\u0131n kapitalizm i\u00e7indeki konumu 200 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fimler g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. M\u00fchendis, Mimar ve \u015eehir Planc\u0131lar\u0131 teknik problemleri \u00e7\u00f6zen, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fin s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine hakim olan ve sermayenin, y\u00f6netimin ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 elemanlar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan say\u0131sal ve oransal olarak olduk\u00e7a k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kesimden kitlesel olarak emek piyasas\u0131nda yer alan, par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f i\u015flerde s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 etkileri olan bir kesime d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ancak, ge\u00e7mi\u015fin \u201cihti\u015fam\u0131, ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131, zenginli\u011fi\u201d teknik elemanlar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde bir bulut gibi dola\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bir yandan, insanlar \u00fcniversite tercihlerinde m\u00fchendislik, mimarl\u0131k, \u015fehir planc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na yer verirken alana duyulan mesleki ilginin yan\u0131nda ge\u00e7mi\u015fin parlak g\u00fcnlerinin izlenimlerini ta\u015f\u0131makta ve bu izlenimlerle okulun zorluklar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015f\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131na girmektedir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131nda da i\u015fyerleriyle, birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilerle ili\u015fkilerinde ayn\u0131 izlenimi kafas\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Meslekta\u015flar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6rece h\u0131zl\u0131 \u015fekilde y\u00f6netici olmas\u0131 veya kendi i\u015fyerlerini kurarak i\u015fveren haline gelmesi de ge\u00e7mi\u015ften gelen izlenimlerle birle\u015ferek ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 bir gelecek hayalini beslemektedir.\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4728],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-3845","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-tmmob-yazilar"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3845","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3845"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3845\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3845"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3845"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3845"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}