{"id":3857,"date":"2012-09-26T12:40:30","date_gmt":"2012-09-26T09:40:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/politeknik.org.tr\/\/?p=3857"},"modified":"2019-01-28T21:01:21","modified_gmt":"2019-01-28T18:01:21","slug":"is-kazalarinda-kader-ihmal-devri-yasalasirken-alp-tekin-babac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/is-kazalarinda-kader-ihmal-devri-yasalasirken-alp-tekin-babac\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130\u015f kazalar\u0131nda ‘kader-ihmal’ devri yasala\u015f\u0131rken – Alp Tekin Baba\u00e7"},"content":{"rendered":"

27 Eyl\u00fcl, harita kadastro m\u00fchendisi G\u00fclseren Yurtta\u015f\u2019\u0131n ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi i\u015f kazas\u0131 sonucu hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybede\u015finin be\u015finci y\u0131l\u0131. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Be\u015f y\u0131l i\u00e7inde G\u00fclseren Yurtta\u015f gibi binlerce i\u015f\u00e7i i\u015f kazalar\u0131 sonucu hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. Bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde birden fazla i\u015f\u00e7inin \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u015f kazalar\u0131, i\u015f kazas\u0131nda hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 kaybedenlerin yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0131srarl\u0131 m\u00fccadeleleri sonucu \u00fclke g\u00fcndemine oturdu. Bu kazalar sonras\u0131nda siyasi iktidar ve kazalar\u0131n meydana geldi\u011fi i\u015fyerinin patronlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u201ckader\u201d, \u201cihmal\u201d gibi s\u00f6ylemler kullan\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler \u201cdikkatsiz olduklar\u0131\u201d iddias\u0131yla itham edildi. Ba\u015fta in\u015faat olmak \u00fczere mevsimlik tar\u0131m, tersane, enerji gibi alanlarda ya\u015fanan \u00e7ok say\u0131da i\u015f kazas\u0131, \u201ckan paras\u0131\u201d gibi y\u00f6ntemlerle SGK kay\u0131tlar\u0131na ge\u00e7medi bile. <\/p>\n

Kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7en kazalar sonras\u0131nda bas\u0131na yans\u0131yan i\u015f kazalar\u0131 haberleri hep \u015fu ifadelerle son buldu: \u201cOlayla ilgili soru\u015fturma s\u00fcr\u00fcyor.\u201d Ne var ki 21 Eyl\u00fcl g\u00fcn\u00fc bas\u0131na yans\u0131yan iki haber, i\u015f kazalar\u0131 sonras\u0131nda baz\u0131 bilirki\u015fi raporlar\u0131n\u0131n patrondan yana oldu\u011funu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. <\/p>\n

17 May\u0131s 2010\u2019da Zonguldak\u2019ta 30 ki\u015finin hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011fi grizu patlamas\u0131 ve 3 Nisan 2012 tarihinde Erzurum A\u015fkale\u2019de 5 enerji i\u015f\u00e7isinin buz tutmu\u015f g\u00f6lde donarak \u00f6ld\u00fckleri i\u015f kazalar\u0131yla ilgili ikinci bilirki\u015fi raporlar\u0131 tamamland\u0131. \u0130kinci bilirki\u015fi raporlar\u0131n\u0131n ikisi de \u00f6len i\u015f\u00e7ileri sorumlu tutuldu. <\/p>\n

\u0130ki olayda da faile rastlanamad\u0131. G\u00f6revlendirilen bilirki\u015filer, A\u015fkale\u2019de 5 i\u015f\u00e7iyi kimin g\u00f6revlendirdi\u011fini, neden gerekli ekipman verilmedi\u011fini bulmad\u0131. Benzer \u015fekilde Zonguldak\u2019taki bilirki\u015filer madende t\u00fcm \u00f6nlemlerin al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia ederken, grizu birikmesinin neden \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclemedi\u011fine dair bir sonu\u00e7 ortaya koyamad\u0131. \u0130ki raporda da ta\u015feron \u015firketler ve onlar\u0131 denetleme g\u00f6revi olan devletin \u00fczerine gidilmedi. <\/p>\n

\u0130ki kazan\u0131n ilk bilirki\u015fi raporlar\u0131 da ikincilere g\u00f6re olduk\u00e7a farkl\u0131yd\u0131. A\u015fkale\u2019deki kazan\u0131n ard\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanan ilk bilirki\u015fi raporunda be\u015f yetkili ile birlikte, \u00f6len iki i\u015f\u00e7i birinci dereceden kusurlu say\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u00fc\u00e7 i\u015f\u00e7i ise ikinci derece kusurlu kabul edilmi\u015fti. \u0130kinci raporda ise be\u015f yetkili ile \u00f6len be\u015f i\u015f\u00e7i de e\u015fit oranda su\u00e7lu say\u0131ld\u0131. <\/p>\n

Zonguldak\u2019ta 30 madencinin hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011fi patlamadan sonra yay\u0131mlanan ilk birilirki\u015fi raporu ta\u015feron \u015firket Yap\u0131-Tek\u2019i y\u00fczde 70, ta\u015feron \u015firketi denetlemeyen devleti de y\u00fczde 30 oran\u0131nda su\u00e7lu bulmu\u015ftu. Kaza sonras\u0131nda 28 ki\u015fi yarg\u0131lanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. \u0130kinci raporda ise yarg\u0131lanan 28 ki\u015finin su\u00e7lu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6len 30 ki\u015finin e\u015fit oranda su\u00e7lu oldu\u011fu yaz\u0131yordu. \u00d6lenleri su\u00e7lay\u0131p 28 ki\u015fiyi su\u00e7suz bulan rarporun temel dayanak noktas\u0131 \u201cka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazl\u0131k\u201d oldu. T\u00fcm \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nsa da i\u015f kazas\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi durumuna ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazl\u0131k durumu denilir. \u0130\u015f kazalar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 60\u2019\u0131n\u0131n insan hatas\u0131, y\u00fczde 38\u2019inin malzeme hatas\u0131 \u2013ki bunlar al\u0131nacak basit \u00f6nlemlerle engellenebilecek t\u00fcrden kazalard\u0131r- ve y\u00fczde 2\u2019si de t\u00fcm \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilecek kazalard\u0131r. <\/p>\n

Yani, bilirki\u015fi raporuna g\u00f6re Zonguldak\u2019ta 17 May\u0131s g\u00fcn\u00fc t\u00fcm \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f! Ama yine de grizu patlamas\u0131 meydana gelmi\u015ftir. Bir madende ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir \u015fekilde grizu patlamas\u0131n\u0131n meydana gelmesi ancak \u00f6nceden hesaplanmayan bir metan gaz\u0131 birikmesi ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Grizu patlamas\u0131 i\u00e7in metan gaz\u0131n\u0131n belirli bir orana ula\u015fmas\u0131 gerekir ve bu oran\u0131n \u00e7ok alt\u0131nda bir birikme tespit edildi\u011fi anda i\u015f durdurulur. \u0130\u015fi durduramayacak kadar k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede geli\u015fen metan gaz\u0131 birikmeleri i\u00e7in (\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm cihazlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmamas\u0131 gibi durumlarda) ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f i\u00e7in belirli aral\u0131klarda s\u0131\u011f\u0131nma cepleri in\u015fa edilir. O b\u00f6lgeler, karanl\u0131kta g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in beyaza boyanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n

Bu t\u00fcr \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nsa bile, maden sahibi taraf\u0131ndan maa\u015f\u0131 verilen i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi uzmanlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 engelleniyor ve al\u0131nan \u201ct\u00fcm \u00f6nlemlerin\u201d bir anlam\u0131 kalm\u0131yor. <\/p>\n

A\u015fkale ve Zonguldak\u2019taki i\u015f kazalar\u0131 sonras\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanan ikinci bilirki\u015fi raporlar\u0131 asl\u0131nda \u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesiyle birlikte ya\u015fanacak i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6l\u00fcmleri ve sonras\u0131nda geli\u015fecek hukuki s\u00fcre\u00e7 hakk\u0131nda ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 veriyor. <\/p>\n

Yeni yasada (1) i\u015fverenin ba\u015fka kurumlardan hizmet almas\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fverenin sorumlulu\u011funu ortadan kald\u0131rmayaca\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131yor. Ancak ayn\u0131 yasada \u015f\u00f6yle bir madde de yer almakta: \u201c(madde 6) (\u2026) belirlenen niteliklere ve gerekli belgeye sahip olmas\u0131 halinde, tehlike s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan say\u0131s\u0131 dikkate al\u0131narak, bu hizmetin yerine getirilmesini kendisi \u00fcstlenebilir.\u201d Yani i\u015fveren gerekli g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde i\u015fyeri g\u00fcvenli\u011fi uzmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapabilir, kendi kendini denetleyebilir. <\/p>\n

Yasan\u0131n i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi uzmanlar\u0131 ve i\u015fyeri hekimlerini ilgilendiren en \u00f6nemli maddesi, bu ki\u015filerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u201cmesleki ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k\u201d \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesiyle ilgili. Yasan\u0131n 8\u2019inci maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekilde: \u201c\u0130\u015fyeri hekimi ve i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi uzmanlar\u0131n\u0131n hak ve yetkileri, g\u00f6revlerini yerine getirmeleri nedeniyle k\u0131s\u0131tlanamaz. Bu ki\u015filer, g\u00f6revlerini mesle\u011fin gerektirdi\u011fi etik ilkeler ve mesleki ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k i\u00e7erisinde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcr.\u201d Yasada i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi uzmanlar\u0131n\u0131n nereden maa\u015f alacaklar\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir bilgi yok. Ayn\u0131 maddenin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u201cHizmet sunan kurulu\u015flar ile i\u015fyeri hekimi ve i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi uzmanlar\u0131, i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi hizmetlerinin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesindeki ihmallerinden dolay\u0131, hizmet sunduklar\u0131 i\u015fverene kar\u015f\u0131 sorumludur\u201d denmekte. Yani \u201cmesleki ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k\u201d bir anda yerini i\u015fverene kar\u015f\u0131 sorumlulu\u011fa b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f. B\u00f6ylece i\u015f kazalar\u0131nda sorumlulu\u011fun ilk y\u00fcklenece\u011fi ki\u015filer, i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi uzmanlar\u0131 oluyor. <\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 maddenin ikinci f\u0131rkas\u0131nda \u201c\u0130\u015fyeri hekimi ve i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi uzmanlar\u0131; g\u00f6revlendirildikleri i\u015fyerlerinde i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fiyle ilgili al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken tedbirleri i\u015fverene yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak bildirir; bildirilen hususlardan hayati tehlike arz edenlerin i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan yerine getirilmemesi h\u00e2linde, bu hususu Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yetkili birimine bildirir\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fc yer al\u0131yor. Ancak i\u015fvereni \u015fikayet eden i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi uzman\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fine son verilmesi durumuna kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015fverene uygulanacak yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar belirli de\u011fildir. T\u0131pk\u0131 ilk f\u0131krada yer alan mesleki ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ko\u015fulunun nas\u0131l sa\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi. <\/p>\n

\u00d6zetle, yeni \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan \u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Yasas\u0131, olduk\u00e7a soyut, yoruma a\u00e7\u0131k maddeler bar\u0131nd\u0131rarak uygulama alan\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde y\u00f6netmelik ve y\u00f6nergelere b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu yasa i\u015f\u00e7ilerin sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ya da g\u00fcvenli\u011fini de\u011fil, patronun daha \u00e7ok kar sa\u011flamas\u0131na y\u00f6neliktir. Yasa, devletin denetleme sorumlulu\u011funu patrona devretmekte, kendi kendini denetleme olana\u011f\u0131 kazanan patron ise olas\u0131 bir i\u015f kazas\u0131nda sorumlulu\u011fu i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi uzman\u0131na veya i\u015f\u00e7ilere y\u00fckleme \u015fans\u0131na kavu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Yasayla ayr\u0131ca i\u015f\u00e7i sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi alan\u0131n\u0131n da piyasala\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Hali haz\u0131rda s\u00fcre\u00e7 b\u00f6yle i\u015flerken AKP\u2019nin \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 yasa ile art\u0131k bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 hukuki bir k\u0131l\u0131f kazanacakt\u0131r. <\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f kazalar\u0131 bir m\u00fccadele alan\u0131 olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor
Her ne kadar i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00f6l\u00fcmlerine ve sonraki s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde hak kay\u0131plar\u0131na u\u011framalar\u0131na yasal k\u0131l\u0131flar uydurulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lsa da i\u015f kazalar\u0131 alan\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir muhalefet alan\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sinyallerini veriyor. \u00d6zellikle \u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Yasas\u0131 ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak hak kay\u0131plar\u0131 ve ard\u0131 arkas\u0131 kesilmeyen i\u015f kazalar\u0131, bu alan\u0131n \u00f6nemini daha da art\u0131r\u0131yor. <\/p>\n

AKP\u2019nin her kaza sonras\u0131nda \u201cYeni yasa \u00e7\u0131karaca\u011f\u0131z ve i\u015f kazalar\u0131 \u00f6nlenecek\u201d \u015feklindeki s\u00f6yleminin i\u015f kazalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemedi\u011fi ve \u00f6nlemeyece\u011fi g\u00fcn gibi ortadayken i\u015f kazalar\u0131nda hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybedenlerin yak\u0131nlar\u0131 ve baz\u0131 sendikalar i\u015f kazalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 giri\u015ftikleri m\u00fccadelede \u00f6nemli bir yol da kat ettiler. Bu m\u00fccadelenin geli\u015fmesinde silikozis nedeniyle hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden i\u015f\u00e7ilerin, tersanelerde ya\u015fanan i\u015f kazalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele eden Limter-\u0130\u015f \u00fcyelerinin, Davutpa\u015fa patlamas\u0131nda hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ailelerin verdikleri uzun soluklu m\u00fccadelenin \u00f6nemi b\u00fcy\u00fck. <\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f kazalar\u0131nda hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 kaybedenlerin ailelerinin hukuki s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u015flerken adliye \u00f6nlerinde ve y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcmlerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdikleri eylemler, i\u015f kazalar\u0131nda hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybedenlerin yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n kurduklar\u0131 ili\u015fki ve birlikte hareket etme deneyimleri, i\u015f kazalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvencesizle\u015ftirmenin bir sonucu g\u00f6r\u00fcp bu alan\u0131 \u00f6ncelikli bir m\u00fccadele alan\u0131 olarak tarif eden sendikal hareketler yeni d\u00f6nemde umut veriyor. <\/p>\n

Notlar
(1) \u0130\u015f kazalar\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131 sonucunda AKP h\u00fck\u00fcmeti s\u00fcrekli diline pelesenk etti\u011fi \u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 20 Haziran 2012 tarihinde \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Yasan\u0131n maddeleri alt\u0131 ay ile bir y\u0131l i\u00e7inde uygulanmaya ba\u015flayacak. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"27 Eyl\u00fcl, harita kadastro m\u00fchendisi G\u00fclseren Yurtta\u015f\u2019\u0131n ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi i\u015f kazas\u0131 sonucu hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybede\u015finin be\u015finci y\u0131l\u0131. \n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4689],"tags":[623,1012],"class_list":{"0":"post-3857","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-secki","8":"tag-isci-sagligi-is-guvenligi","9":"tag-isig"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3857","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3857"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3857\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3857"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3857"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3857"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}