19 Eyl\u00fcl tarihinde Frans\u0131z bilim insanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan 2 y\u0131l s\u00fcren bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n bulgular\u0131 kamuoyuna duyuruldu. Geneti\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f organizmalar\u0131n (GDO) canl\u0131lar \u00fczerindeki uzun d\u00f6nemli etkilerini g\u00f6stermesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli.<\/p>\n
Caen \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen ara\u015ft\u0131rma, \u015firketlerin bask\u0131lar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmamak i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir gizlilikle yap\u0131ld\u0131. 200 fare \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, fareler \u00e7e\u015fitli gruplara ayr\u0131ld\u0131 ve geneti\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve de\u011fi\u015ftirilmemi\u015f m\u0131s\u0131rlarla beslenerek sa\u011fl\u0131k durumlar\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fimler g\u00f6zlemlendi. Sonu\u00e7lar kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z tehlikeyi bir kez daha ortaya koydu. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar geneti\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f m\u0131s\u0131rlarla beslenen farelerin daha gen\u00e7 \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve daha s\u0131k kansere yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit ettiler. Di\u015fi farelerin memelerinde v\u00fccut a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n %25\u2019i oran\u0131nda t\u00fcm\u00f6r olu\u015fumu ve kanserli h\u00fccrelerin yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer farelere oranla \u00fc\u00e7 kat daha fazla oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zlemlendi. GDO\u2019lu g\u0131dalar\u0131 t\u00fcketen erkek farelerde ise GDO\u2019suz g\u0131dalar\u0131 t\u00fcketen hemcinslerine g\u00f6re kanserin art\u0131\u015f\u0131 20 kat daha fazlayd\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda b\u00f6brek ve karaci\u011fer sorunlar\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6l\u00fcmler meydana geldi. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Uluslararas\u0131 bilimsel bir yay\u0131n olan “Food and Chemical Toxicology” dergisinde yay\u0131mlanarak bilimsel literat\u00fcre de girmi\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n
Benzer \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz g\u00fcnlerde Rus bilim insanlar\u0131ndan gelmi\u015fti. ‘Gen G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Ulusal Birli\u011fi ile Ekolojik ve Geli\u015fimsel Problemler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc’ bilim insanlar\u0131 Rusya\u2019daki Ekolojik Tehlikelere Kar\u015f\u0131 Savunma G\u00fcnleri\u2019nde sunduklar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda geneti\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f soya fasulyesi ile besledikleri hamsterlar\u0131n cinsel olgunla\u015fmalar\u0131nda yava\u015flama e\u011filimi g\u00f6zlemlediklerini ve birka\u00e7 nesil sonra hamsterlar\u0131n \u00fcreme yeteneklerinin yok oldu\u011funu tespit ettiklerini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
Avusturya\u2019da ise geneti\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f m\u0131s\u0131r yiyen farelerin yavrular\u0131n\u0131n normalden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 do\u011fdu\u011fu, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ve d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc nesillerin yine Rusya\u2019daki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada oldu\u011fu gibi tamamen k\u0131s\u0131r bireyler haline geldi\u011fi bulundu.<\/p>\n
GDO\u2019lar\u0131n canl\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerindeki olumsuz etkilerine daha pek \u00e7ok \u00f6rnek verilebilir. Bu konuda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapan bilim insanlar\u0131 y\u0131llard\u0131r geneti\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f g\u0131dalar\u0131n canl\u0131lar\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k ve sinir sisteminde tahribatlara yol a\u00e7abilece\u011fi, kansere ve alerjik reaksiyonlara neden olaca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinde ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yap\u0131yorlar. Kemirgenlerde bir sene insanlarda yakla\u015f\u0131k 40 seneye e\u015fit. \u0130nsanlarda GDO\u2019lu \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin etkisinin g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi uzun y\u0131llar gerektirebilir. Bu nedenle en az denekle yap\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6neme sahip. Bir ilac\u0131n bile insanlar \u00fczerinde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in 20-25 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir zaman gerekiyor. Ancak bu konuda tekelle\u015fme yar\u0131\u015f\u0131na giren \u015firketler bu s\u00fcreyi bekleyemeyecek kadar kar h\u0131rs\u0131na girmi\u015f durumda.<\/p>\n
Tekeller canl\u0131lar\u0131 patentliyor
GDO asl\u0131nda geneti\u011fi ile oynanan b\u00fct\u00fcn organizmalar\u0131 temsil eden bir kavram. Bug\u00fcn tart\u0131\u015fmalar daha \u00e7ok bu y\u00f6ntemin g\u0131da alan\u0131na uygulanmas\u0131 ile alakal\u0131. Y\u00f6ntemle, canl\u0131lar\u0131n en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck birimi olan h\u00fccreler i\u00e7erisinde bulanan ve canl\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerinin kodland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gen denilen kal\u0131t\u0131m materyalleri \u00fczerinde \u00e7e\u015fitli i\u015flemler uygulanmakta. Genetik m\u00fchendisli\u011fi teknikleri ile canl\u0131n\u0131n kendi t\u00fcr\u00fcnden veya kendi t\u00fcr\u00fc d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki bir canl\u0131dan gen aktar\u0131lmas\u0131 yoluyla canl\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri de\u011fi\u015ftiriliyor.<\/p>\n
Asl\u0131nda tekni\u011fin t\u0131p gibi alanlarda sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 olduk\u00e7a faydal\u0131 durumlar da var. \u00d6rne\u011fin geneti\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f organizmalar\u0131n ilk uygulamas\u0131 1970\u2019lerde bir bakteriye, insanda kanda \u015feker oran\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcren ins\u00fclin hormonu geninin transferi ile yap\u0131l\u0131r. Teknik sayesinde \u015feker hastalar\u0131, kanlar\u0131ndaki \u015feker oran\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrebilmek i\u00e7in ihtiya\u00e7 duyduklar\u0131 ins\u00fclin hormonuna geneti\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f bakteriler sayesinde rahat\u00e7a ula\u015fabilmi\u015flerdir. Bunun \u00f6ncesinde bu hormon inek ve domuzlar\u0131n pankreaslar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131yla yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r fakat bunun i\u00e7in bir\u00e7ok canl\u0131 telef olmakta ve sonu\u00e7ta \u00e7ok az hormon elde edilmektedir. Y\u00f6ntem t\u0131pta yeni bir \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n
Ancak genlere m\u00fcdahale, canl\u0131lar\u0131n patentlenmesinin yolunun a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na ve \u00f6zellikle en temel ihtiya\u00e7lardan biri olan g\u0131da alan\u0131nda y\u00f6ntemin uygulanmas\u0131 ile \u015firketler aras\u0131nda tekelle\u015fme yar\u0131\u015f\u0131na neden olur. \u015eirketlerin geneti\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f g\u0131dalar konusunda en \u00e7ok dile getirdikleri, bu yiyeceklerin d\u00fcnyan\u0131n artan g\u0131da ihtiyac\u0131na \u00e7are olabilece\u011fidir. 1996 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri \u00fcretimde olan bu t\u00fcr g\u0131dalar, 16 senedir a\u00e7l\u0131\u011fa \u00e7are olaca\u011f\u0131na verimli tar\u0131m arazilerini de i\u015fgal ederek a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve y\u0131llard\u0131r yedi\u011fimiz g\u0131dalar\u0131 patentleyerek \u00fcretimlerini elimizden alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca genetik manip\u00fclasyonlarla bug\u00fcn tekeller tek y\u0131l \u00fcr\u00fcn veren tohumlar \u00fcretmekte ve bir dahaki sene \u00e7ift\u00e7iyi yine kendisinden tohum almak zorunda b\u0131rakarak \u00fcreticileri kendisine ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 hale getirmektedir. Tohum \u015firketleri tohumlarla birlikte kimyasal ila\u00e7lar\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 da zorunlu hale getirerek tekelle\u015fmenin s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmi\u015flerdir. Zira 10 b\u00fcy\u00fck tar\u0131msal kimya firmas\u0131n\u0131n 6\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n (Monsanto, Novartis, Rhone Poulenc, Zeneca, Du Pont ve EgrEvo) tar\u0131msal biyoteknoloji firmalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer almalar\u0131 bir tesad\u00fcf de\u011fil.<\/p>\n
\u015eirketlerin GDO\u2019lu \u00fcr\u00fcnler ile ilgili \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fckleri en b\u00fcy\u00fck savlardan biri GDO\u2019lar\u0131n GDO\u2019lu olmayan \u00fcr\u00fcnlere g\u00f6re daha az maliyete yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak Iowa State \u00dcniversitesi 377 m\u0131s\u0131r tarlas\u0131 ve 800 \u00e7ifti ile yapt\u0131klar\u0131 bir akademik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada geneti\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f m\u0131s\u0131rda \u00fcretimin di\u011ferlerine g\u00f6re %32 oran\u0131nda daha pahal\u0131ya mal oldu\u011funu ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00dcretimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda t\u00fcm topra\u011f\u0131, \u00e7evresindeki tarlalar\u0131 kirleten geneti\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f g\u0131dalar topraktaki faunaya zarar vererek ekolojik dengenin bozulmas\u0131na neden olmakta, tek tip gene sahip tohumlar ile genetik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi engellemektedir. Canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n evriminde \u00f6nemli bir yere sahip olan genetik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin yok olmas\u0131, herhangi bir beklenmeyen durumda maalesef geneti\u011fi ile oynanm\u0131\u015f bu canl\u0131lar\u0131n tamamen yok olmas\u0131na neden olabilecek. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de GDO\u2019lu \u00fcr\u00fcn \u00fcretimi yasak. Ancak de\u011fi\u015fik firmalar taraf\u0131ndan 1998 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri alan denemelerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir gizlilikle yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia ediliyor. 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan Biyog\u00fcvenlik Kanunu\u2019na g\u00f6re GDO\u2019lu tohum ekimi yasak olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen yem ve g\u0131da ithalat\u0131 i\u00e7in Biyog\u00fcvenlik Kurulu\u2019nun izni gerekiyor. Asl\u0131nda kurul sadece GDO\u2019ya ge\u00e7i\u015f a\u015famas\u0131nda tepkileri engellemek amac\u0131yla olu\u015fturulmu\u015f g\u00f6stermelik bir i\u015fleve sahip. \u00d6rne\u011fin 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda yem ama\u00e7l\u0131 denilerek soya ve 13 GDO\u2019lu m\u0131s\u0131r\u0131n ithaline kurul taraf\u0131ndan izin verildi. Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz Nisan ay\u0131nda ise dokuz GDO\u2019lu m\u0131s\u0131r t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00f6rd\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u00e7lerinde antibiyotik diren\u00e7 geni olmas\u0131, ikisinin de bilimsel a\u00e7\u0131ndan yeterince ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle ithalat\u0131 reddedildi. Kurul \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn ithaline izin verdi. Ret karar\u0131n\u0131n sadece tepkileri tamponlamak amac\u0131yla verildi\u011fi \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131k. Yemle beslenen hayvanlar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 riskler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, besin zinciri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde GDO\u2019lar\u0131n sofralar\u0131m\u0131za girdi\u011fi ve bizlerin de dolayl\u0131 yoldan GDO\u2019larla beslendi\u011fimiz kolayca g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. <\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"19 Eyl\u00fcl tarihinde Frans\u0131z bilim insanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan 2 y\u0131l s\u00fcren bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n bulgular\u0131 kamuoyuna duyuruldu. Geneti\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f organizmalar\u0131n (GDO) canl\u0131lar \u00fczerindeki uzun d\u00f6nemli etkilerini g\u00f6stermesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli.\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4689],"tags":[126,1221],"class_list":{"0":"post-3868","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-secki","8":"tag-gdo","9":"tag-gida-guvenligi"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3868","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3868"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3868\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3868"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3868"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3868"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de durum<\/strong><\/p>\n