{"id":3975,"date":"2012-11-20T14:24:21","date_gmt":"2012-11-20T11:24:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/politeknik.org.tr\/\/?p=3975"},"modified":"2019-01-28T21:01:20","modified_gmt":"2019-01-28T18:01:20","slug":"yikilasi-taksim-islamcilarin-tarihi-meselesi-ali-ergin-demirhan-sendikaorg","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/yikilasi-taksim-islamcilarin-tarihi-meselesi-ali-ergin-demirhan-sendikaorg\/","title":{"rendered":"&#8220;Y\u0131k\u0131las\u0131 Taksim&#8221;: \u0130slamc\u0131lar\u0131n Tarihi Meselesi &#8211; Ali Ergin Demirhan (Sendika.Org)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin politik a\u00e7\u0131dan en simgesel meydan\u0131 Taksim. Ne var ki, bu meydanda H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n, Kemalistlerin, sosyalistlerin tarihsel izleri olsa da kendini Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 addeden ve on y\u0131ll\u0131k iktidarlar\u0131nda devleti \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131ran \u0130slamc\u0131lar\u0131n bir simgesi yok.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p> <strong> <\/strong><br \/>\u201cDemokratikle\u015fme i\u00e7in bir \u015fans\u201dt\u0131: \u0130ktidara geli\u015fi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda temel haklar\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alan bir anayasa ve parlamento s\u00f6z\u00fc vermi\u015fti, s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc tuttu da. A\u011fustos 1876\u2019da tahta \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131, Aral\u0131k 1876\u2019da ilk Osmanl\u0131 Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ilan etti, ilk Osmanl\u0131 Meclisi Mart 1877\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. I. Me\u015frutiyet d\u00f6nemi b\u00f6yle ba\u015flad\u0131. Ancak, bir y\u0131l ge\u00e7meden \u015eubat 1878\u2019de Meclis\u2019i tatil etti ve uyruklar\u0131na hi\u00e7bir hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck tan\u0131madan \u00fclkeyi bask\u0131 ve ter\u00f6rle y\u00f6netti\u011fi 30 y\u0131ll\u0131k \u201cistibdat\u201d d\u00f6nemini ba\u015flatt\u0131. <\/p>\n<p>\u0130slamc\u0131yd\u0131: \u0130slamc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, Balkanlarda patlak veren ulus\u00e7u ak\u0131mlara kar\u015f\u0131 devleti kurtarmak i\u00e7in resmi politika haline getirdi. <\/p>\n<p>Ne var ki, bask\u0131 da \u0130slamc\u0131l\u0131k da Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131nda kabaran isyan\u0131 bast\u0131rmaya yetmedi. Me\u015frutiyet\u2019i, \u0130stibdat\u2019\u0131 ve \u0130slamc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya hediye eden II. Abd\u00fclhamit; Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n geleneksel devlet yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 zorlayan toplumsal bas\u0131n\u00e7lar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bir noktada pes edecekti. <\/p>\n<p>E\u011fitimli subaylara yaslanan \u0130ttihat Terakki Cemiyeti, hem muhalefeti temsil ediyor hem de \u201cdevleti koruma\u201d hedefinde Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019le ortakla\u015f\u0131yordu. Abd\u00fclhamid 1908\u2019de \u0130ttihat ve Terakki \u00fcyesi subaylar\u0131n Manast\u0131r ve Selanik\u2019te ayaklanmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda anayasay\u0131 yeniden y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe koyarak II. Me\u015frutiyet\u2019i kabul etti. Ne var ki, bu, \u201cSultanlar bo\u011fazlar\u0131na bir b\u0131\u00e7ak dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman genellikle b\u00f6yle jestler yaparlar\u201d diyen Tro\u00e7ki\u2019nin dikkat \u00e7ekti\u011fi gibi zoraki bir kabuld\u00fc. <\/p>\n<p><strong>\u201c1908 T\u00fcrk Devrimi\u201d <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ekim Devrimi\u2019nin liderlerinden Leon Tro\u00e7ki, Osmanl\u0131 Meclisi\u2019nin yeniden a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 17 Aral\u0131k g\u00fcn\u00fc Pravda gazetesinin ikinci say\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201c1908 T\u00fcrk Devrimi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle diyecekti: <\/p>\n<p>\u201cTemmuz ay\u0131nda devrim patlak verdi\u011fi zaman, Sultan ordusuz kald\u0131. Askeri birlikler birbiri ard\u0131na devrim saflar\u0131na ge\u00e7iyordu. Bilin\u00e7siz askerler hareketin amac\u0131n\u0131 ku\u015fkusuz anlam\u0131yorlard\u0131, ama ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131yla ilgili ho\u015fnutsuzluklar\u0131, onlar\u0131 subaylar\u0131n\u0131 izlemeye y\u00f6neltmi\u015fti. Subaylar, talepleri kabul edilmezse Sultan\u0131 devirmek tehdidinde bulunarak bir anayasa istediler. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in boyun e\u011fmekten ba\u015fka yapaca\u011f\u0131 bir \u015fey yoktu. Bir anayasa ihsan etti, liberallerin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir bakanl\u0131k olu\u015fturdu ve parlamento se\u00e7imlerine gitti. Bu d\u00f6nemde t\u00fcm \u00fclkede b\u00fcy\u00fck bir aktivite g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpt\u0131. Mitingler mitingleri izledi. \u00c7ok say\u0131da yeni gazete \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. Gen\u00e7 proletarya, bir g\u00f6k g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcs\u00fcyle uyan\u0131r gibi harekete ge\u00e7ti. Grevler patlak verdi, i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6rg\u00fctleri kuruldu. Selanik\u2019te ilk sosyalist gazete yay\u0131nland\u0131.\u201d <\/p>\n<p><strong>H\u00fcrriyet sarho\u015flu\u011fu <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1908 Devrimi\u2019ni takip eden ilk bir y\u0131l i\u00e7inde Osmanl\u0131\u2019da toplumsal ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel bir s\u0131\u00e7rama ya\u015fand\u0131. Robert Mantran\u2019\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu Tarihi II adl\u0131 kitab\u0131ndan aktaral\u0131m: \u201cOsmanl\u0131 toplumu, tarihinde ilk kez olarak s\u00f6z, bas\u0131n, toplant\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ke\u015ffediyordu. \u2018H\u00fcrriyet sarho\u015flu\u011fu\u2019 ta\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131klara, disiplinsizlik ve anar\u015fi g\u00f6sterilerine, vergi \u00f6demeyi reddetmeye yol a\u00e7t\u0131. G\u00f6revliler, dairenin yolunu tutmak istemiyorlard\u0131 art\u0131k, \u00f6\u011frenciler de okulun\u2026\u201d <\/p>\n<p>\u0130stanbul\u2019da g\u00fcnl\u00fck gazetelerin bask\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131 patlad\u0131. \u0130kdam 60 bin, Sabah ise 40 bin sat\u0131yordu. 1908-1909 aras\u0131nda 350\u2019den fazla farkl\u0131 gazete ve s\u00fcreli yay\u0131n dola\u015f\u0131mdayd\u0131. <\/p>\n<p>\u201cDevrimin at\u0131l\u0131m\u0131nda, o tarihe de\u011fin kendilerinden pek bahsettirememi\u015f \u00fc\u00e7 sosyal grup su y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kar o s\u0131ralar: Kad\u0131nlar, i\u015f\u00e7iler ve ayd\u0131nlar!\u201d <\/p>\n<p>Kad\u0131nlar sosyal ve siyasal ya\u015fama \u00f6zg\u00fcrce kat\u0131labilmelerini te\u015fvik eden fikirlerle tan\u0131\u015f\u0131yor, Avrupa\u2019dan etkilenen ayd\u0131nlar kendilerini bir siyasal \u00f6zne olarak var edebiliyordu. <\/p>\n<p>1908 A\u011fustos\u2019u ile Osmanl\u0131 tarihinde g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f bir grev dalgas\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131. Birka\u00e7 y\u0131l boyunca \u0130stanbul, Bursa, \u0130zmir, \u015eam ve Selanik\u2019te demiryollar\u0131, reji, dokumac\u0131l\u0131k gibi sekt\u00f6rlerde on binlerce i\u015f\u00e7inin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 grevler d\u00fczenlendi, bu s\u00fcrece paralel olarak sendikalar ve sosyalist partiler kuruldu. <\/p>\n<p><strong>Kaybedilen egemenlik i\u00e7in \u201c\u015feriat\u201d istediler <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 bu toplumsal kesimleri elbette iktidara ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131. \u00d6te yandan, e\u011fitimli subaylar\u0131n komutas\u0131 alt\u0131na giren geleneksel-alayl\u0131 askerlerin ve din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n egemenli\u011fini sarsm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. II. Me\u015frutiyet\u2019in sistem i\u00e7indeki kaybedenlerini temsilen Taksim K\u0131\u015flas\u0131&#8217;ndaki (Top\u00e7u K\u0131\u015flas\u0131) Avc\u0131 Taburu&#8217;na ba\u011fl\u0131 askerler, 1909\u2019da 12 Nisan&#8217;\u0131 13 Nisan&#8217;a ba\u011flayan gece (Rumi takvime g\u00f6re 31 Mart), subaylar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ayaklanarak kendilerine \u00f6nderlik eden din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n pe\u015finde Heyet-i Mebusan&#8217;\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde topland\u0131lar ve \u00fclkenin \u015feriata g\u00f6re y\u00f6netilmesini istediler. \u201c\u015eeriat\u201d, kendi maddi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 korumaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan eski egemen s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n, Bat\u0131 ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirdikleri devrimci s\u00fcrece kar\u015f\u0131 sar\u0131labildikleri en kolay seferber edici bayrakt\u0131. 31 Mart Vakas\u0131 diye de bilinen bu ayaklanma Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019i \u00fcmitlendirmi\u015f, \u0130ngiliz emperyalizminden destek alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ancak \u0130ttihat Terakki\u2019nin bir araya getirdi\u011fi Hareket Ordusu taraf\u0131ndan bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Birka\u00e7 hafta i\u00e7inde Abd\u00fclhamid de tahttan indirildi. <\/p>\n<p>1940\u2019ta \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc y\u00f6netimi taraf\u0131ndan y\u0131k\u0131lan ve AKP\u2019nin yeniden aya\u011fa kald\u0131rmak istedi\u011fi Taksim Top\u00e7u K\u0131\u015flas\u0131, bu \u201c\u015eeriat\u00e7\u0131\u201d ayaklanman\u0131n bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201ckale\u201dydi. <\/p>\n<p>1909 itibariyle yaln\u0131zca \u201c\u015eeriat isteriz\u201d diyenlerin de\u011fil emek\u00e7ilerin, ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n ve ezilen uluslar\u0131n taleplerini kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na alan yeni bir bask\u0131, sava\u015f ve k\u0131y\u0131m d\u00f6neminin kap\u0131lar\u0131 araland\u0131. Ancak Tayyip Erdo\u011fan gibileri \u0130ttihat Terakki kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kad\u0131nlarla, i\u015f\u00e7ilerle, ayd\u0131nlarla de\u011fil \u201c\u015eeriat isteriz\u201d diyen egemen kliklerle \u00f6zde\u015flik kuracak ve hat\u0131ralar\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131k k\u0131\u015flalar\u0131 yeniden yaparak diriltmek isteyecekti. <br \/><strong><br \/>Y\u0131k\u0131las\u0131 Taksim: <br \/>\u2018Kafirler, Kemalistler, kom\u00fcnistler\u2019 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin politik a\u00e7\u0131dan en simgesel meydan\u0131 Taksim. Ne var ki, bu meydanda H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n, Kemalistlerin, sosyalistlerin tarihsel izleri olsa da kendini Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 addeden ve on y\u0131ll\u0131k iktidarlar\u0131nda devleti \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131ran \u0130slamc\u0131lar\u0131n bir simgesi yok. <\/p>\n<p>1800\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llarda ba\u015flayan burjuva devrimi s\u00fcrecine kar\u015f\u0131 \u201c\u015feriat\u201d talepli bir isyan olan 31 Mart Vakas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n simge binas\u0131 Top\u00e7u K\u0131\u015flas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 yeniden aya\u011fa dikme projesi b\u00f6ylesi tarihsel bir hesapla\u015fman\u0131n yans\u0131mas\u0131. <\/p>\n<p>Taksim\u2019in ortas\u0131nda duran bir Erdo\u011fan, \u00e7evresine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, kendisinin s\u0131k kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir deyimle \u0130slamc\u0131lar\u0131n bir dikili a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, meydan\u0131n \u201cy\u0131k\u0131las\u0131\u201d bir tarihle ku\u015fat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr. <\/p>\n<p>S\u0131raselviler Caddesi ile \u0130stiklal Caddesi\u2019nin kesi\u015fti\u011fi yere bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda heybetli Rum Kilisesi Aya Triada yer almaktad\u0131r. 1880\u2019de Ruslar\u0131n yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve sonra Rumlar\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 kilisenin i\u00e7inde Bizans ikonalar\u0131 yer almaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n<p>Meydan\u0131n ortas\u0131nda, 1928\u2019de dikilen Cumhuriyet An\u0131t\u0131 yer almaktad\u0131r ki bu an\u0131tta da Mustafa Kemal, \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc, Fevzi \u00c7akmak, askerler, halk ve yetmezmi\u015f gibi iki de Sovyet generalin heykelleri yer almaktad\u0131r. Meydan\u0131n \u00f6te yan\u0131nda da Atat\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr Merkezi duruyor. <\/p>\n<p>Hadi Kemalistler devletin eski sahipleri. Ya \u015fu kom\u00fcnistler! 1976\u2019da ilk kitlesel 1 May\u0131s\u2019\u0131n kutland\u0131\u011f\u0131, 1977\u2019de bu kez 30 k\u00fcsur emek\u00e7inin katledildi\u011fi kanl\u0131 1 May\u0131s\u2019a sahne olan, ertesi 1 May\u0131s\u2019ta yine dolan, s\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim ve darbe ko\u015fullar\u0131nda yasaklansa da 1980\u2019lerin sonundan AKP\u2019nin iktidar y\u0131llar\u0131na kadar s\u00fcren di\u015fe di\u015f bir m\u00fccadele ile, Tayyip Erdo\u011fan\u2019a t\u00fck\u00fcrd\u00fcklerini yalatarak yeniden kazan\u0131lan meydan\u0131n bir ad\u0131 da 1 May\u0131s meydan\u0131, sahibi de devrimcilerdir. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin politik a\u00e7\u0131dan en simgesel meydan\u0131 Taksim. Ne var ki, bu meydanda H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n, Kemalistlerin, sosyalistlerin tarihsel izleri olsa da kendini Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 addeden ve on y\u0131ll\u0131k iktidarlar\u0131nda devleti \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131ran \u0130slamc\u0131lar\u0131n bir simgesi yok.\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4689],"tags":[1645,565,1527],"class_list":{"0":"post-3975","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-secki","8":"tag-gezi-parki","9":"tag-kentsel-donusum","10":"tag-taksim"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3975","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3975"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3975\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3975"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3975"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3975"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}