Amerikal\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131, yazar, insan haklar\u0131 ve internet aktivisti Aaron Swartz, 11 Ocak 2013\u2032te, New York Brooklyn\u2019deki evinde kendisini asarak intihar etti. Daha 26 ya\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131, ama k\u0131sac\u0131k hayat\u0131na \u00e7ok \u015fey s\u0131\u011fd\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131: Hen\u00fcz 14 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken XML \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak, bug\u00fcn devasa internet i\u00e7eriklerini d\u00fczenli olarak izlememizi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131l\u0131p hepimizin hayat\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131ran RSS\u2019in ilk s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn geli\u015ftirilmesine katk\u0131da bulunmu\u015ftu. Art\u0131k bir fenomene d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olan internet platformu Reddit\u2019in kurucular\u0131ndan biriydi. Lawrence Lessig ile beraber \u201cCreative Commons\u201d lisans\u0131n\u0131 in\u015fa eden ekibin i\u00e7indeydi. \u0130nternette sivil hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri savunan, \u00e7ok say\u0131da kampanyan\u0131n etkili bir \u015fekilde hayata ge\u00e7irilmesini sa\u011flayan Demand Progress\u2019in kurucusuydu (http:\/\/demandprogress.org\/).<\/p>\n
Ama \u00e7o\u011fumuz onu, ABD\u2019nin haddini a\u015fan, di\u011fer \u00fclkelerin hukuksal ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ihlal edecek, \u015firketlere interneti sans\u00fcrleme yetkisi verecek SOPA ve PIPA yasa tasar\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir internet aktivizmi ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131yla bo\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan k\u00fcresel internet grevi kampanyas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flat\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri olarak tan\u0131d\u0131k. Bu kampanya internet aktivizminin tarihine ge\u00e7ti ve daha sonra yine internet tarafs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tehdit eden ticaret anla\u015fmas\u0131 ACTA, internetin kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc devletlere vermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan BM ve ITU\u2019nun WCIT konferans\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 kampanyalara \u00f6rnek ve \u00f6n ayak oldu. Aaron Swartz\u2019\u0131n yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, sorumlulu\u011fu ve duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, ama her \u015feyden \u00f6nce bilginin \u00f6zg\u00fcr dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ve eri\u015fimine duydu\u011fu ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k hepimize ilham verdi.<\/p>\n
Aaron Swartz\u2019\u0131n, intihar etmesi \u00e7ok \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc, ama s\u0131radan ve sadece \u201cki\u015fisel\u201d bir olay de\u011fil ne yaz\u0131k ki. Swartz, bir s\u00fcredir FBI taraf\u0131ndan ciddi bir taciz alt\u0131ndayd\u0131. Akademik dergilerde yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f makaleleri \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i olarak (ve genellikle fahi\u015f fiyatlara) satan JSTOR adl\u0131 sistemden \u00e7ok say\u0131da makaleyi \u00fccretsiz payla\u015fmak amac\u0131yla indirdi\u011fi iddias\u0131yla tutuklanm\u0131\u015f ve ABD Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nca 35 y\u0131l hapis ve 1 Milyon dolar tazminat cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 istemiyle hakk\u0131nda bir dava a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Davas\u0131 Nisan ay\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclecekti. Swartz bu makaleleri Massachusettes Institue of Technology (MIT) yerle\u015fkesindeki kay\u0131tl\u0131 bir ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 kullanarak indirmi\u015fti. JSTOR makaleleri payla\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in dava a\u00e7maktan vazge\u00e7ti ama MIT ayn\u0131 basireti g\u00f6steremedi ve Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ne zamand\u0131r arad\u0131\u011f\u0131 f\u0131rsat\u0131 onlara sundu; bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz dava b\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
FBI ve ABD y\u00f6netiminin Swartz\u2019a bu kadar k\u0131zg\u0131n olmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131nda bir \u00e7ok \u015fey var. Mesela Swartz, 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda, asl\u0131nda kamu mal\u0131 olan ABD kanunlar\u0131 ve hukuk kararlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fccretli olarak kendi vatanda\u015f\u0131na satan PACER sistemine alternatif olu\u015fturan RECAP sistemini kurdu ve vatanda\u015flar\u0131 \u00fccretini \u00f6deyerek sat\u0131n ald\u0131klar\u0131 t\u00fcm hukuk metinlerinin bu sistemden \u00fccretsiz payla\u015fmaya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131. Swartz, tek ba\u015f\u0131na, cebinden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir servet de harcayarak Amerikan hukuk k\u00fclliyat\u0131n\u0131n %20\u2032sini herkesin eri\u015fimine a\u00e7t\u0131. FBI ve Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kudurdu. Swartz\u2019\u0131n SOPA \/ PIPA ve Demand Progress ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 da \u00fczerine tuz biber ekti. Bu y\u00fczden Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Amerikan Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n hukukta \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve e\u015fitli\u011fi ilgilendiren t\u00fcm ilkelerini \u00e7i\u011fneyerek, intikam duygusuyla ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131na da ibret olsun diye bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz hukuk maceras\u0131na giri\u015fti.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden (\u00fcstelik 35 y\u0131l gibi hayat\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131 boyunca) al\u0131konulmak tehdidi size bir \u00e7ok \u015fey yapt\u0131rabilir. Bu gayet insani bir duygudur. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, Aaron Swartz\u2019\u0131n intihar etmesinde bu vah\u015fi ve gayri me\u015fru tehdidin pay\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek imkans\u0131z. Nitekim ailesi ve Lawrence Lessig, Cory Doctorow gibilerinin de aralar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu yak\u0131n dostlar\u0131, ABD otoritelerinin bu \u00f6l\u00fcmden k\u0131smen sorumlulu oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Ailesi muhtemelen FBI ve Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na dava a\u00e7acak (http:\/\/goo.gl\/nZqEI). Aaron\u2019un arkas\u0131nda durmayan MIT ise g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde protesto ediliyor (http:\/\/goo.gl\/dJ90i). Ayn\u0131 zamanda Swartz\u2019\u0131n JSTOR davas\u0131ndaki avukat\u0131 da olan Lawrence Lessig, davaya bakan savc\u0131 Carmen Ortiz\u2019in derhal g\u00f6revden al\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir imza kampanyas\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131: http:\/\/goo.gl\/poYC4 .<\/p>\n
Lessig\u2019in \u015fu c\u00fcmleleri asl\u0131nda meseleyi gayet iyi ortaya koyuyor: \u201cAaron, hayat\u0131 boyunca hi\u00e7 bir zaman \u201cpara yapmak\u201d pe\u015fine d\u00fc\u015fmedi. Reddit\u2019in d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u015feyle \u015fans\u0131 yaver gitti, ama RSS standard\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131ndaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, Creative Commons\u2019un mimari kurulumundaki rol\u00fc, kamusal kay\u0131tlar\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015ftirmesi, \u00f6zg\u00fcr bir kamusal k\u00fct\u00fcphane kurmas\u0131, \u2018Change Congress\/FixCongressFirst\/Rootstrikers\u2019 kampanyalar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatmas\u0131 ve Demand Progress\u2019i kurmas\u0131, Aaron\u2019un her zaman (en az\u0131ndan kendi anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6re) kamusal fayda i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n sonucuydu. \u00c7ok parlak ve e\u011flenceliydi. Dahi bir \u00e7ocuk. Bir ruh, bir vicdan, kendime milyon kez sordu\u011fum bir sorunun kayna\u011f\u0131yd\u0131: Aaron ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr? Bu ki\u015fi art\u0131k yok, uygar bir toplumun ancak taciz olarak adland\u0131rabilece\u011fi bir \u015fekilde u\u00e7urumun k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131na itildi\u011fi i\u00e7in yok. Hatal\u0131y\u0131m belki, ama \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck duygusuna da sahibim. E\u011fer ikisine de sahip de\u011filseniz, ABD y\u00f6netiminin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn arkan\u0131zda olmas\u0131n\u0131 hak etmiyorsunuz demektir.\u201d (http:\/\/goo.gl\/1tkMv)<\/p>\n
Bug\u00fcn akademisyenler Aaron Swartz\u2019\u0131, akademik dergilerde yay\u0131nlad\u0131klar\u0131 makaleleri #pdftribute etiketiyle internette herkesin eri\u015fimine a\u00e7arak an\u0131yorlar (http:\/\/goo.gl\/jr5ar; http:\/\/goo.gl\/GmwV2). Doctorow\u2019un, Glenn Greenwald\u2019\u0131n, Kevin Poulsen\u2019in ve \u00f6zellikle Quinn\u2019in yazd\u0131klar\u0131, Hackernews\u2019de veya Reddit\u2019de payla\u015f\u0131lanlar, onun ard\u0131nda nas\u0131l bir iz b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yeterince anlat\u0131yor (http:\/\/goo.gl\/hlE0u; http:\/\/goo.gl\/2yRM9; http:\/\/goo.gl\/eKbs1; http:\/\/goo.gl\/T02Zg; http:\/\/goo.gl\/3SmLY; http:\/\/goo.gl\/Gg6mr).
Evet, Aaron Swartz\u2019\u0131, korporatizmin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131n uzant\u0131s\u0131 ve kendi halk\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 olmaya meyletmi\u015f bir devlet, ABD \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc. \u201cB\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada yeterince fazla say\u0131da olursak, yaln\u0131zca bilginin \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmesine kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir mesaj vermekle kalmayaca\u011f\u0131z, ayn\u0131 zamanda onu tarihe g\u00f6mece\u011fiz. \u201d diyen Swartz, temsil etti\u011fi \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fme potansiyelinden \u00fcrken devlet taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc (http:\/\/goo.gl\/9z54a).<\/p>\n
Huzur i\u00e7inde yats\u0131n\u2026 Ama bilgiyi \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015ftirenlerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rarak ruhunu ya\u015fatabiliriz.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Kaynak: alternatifbilisim.org<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Amerikal\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131, yazar, insan haklar\u0131 ve internet aktivisti Aaron Swartz, 11 Ocak 2013\u2032te, New York Brooklyn\u2019deki evinde kendisini asarak intihar etti. Daha 26 ya\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131, ama k\u0131sac\u0131k hayat\u0131na \u00e7ok \u015fey s\u0131\u011fd\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131: Hen\u00fcz 14 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken XML \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak, bug\u00fcn devasa internet i\u00e7eriklerini d\u00fczenli olarak izlememizi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131l\u0131p hepimizin hayat\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131ran RSS\u2019in ilk s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn geli\u015ftirilmesine katk\u0131da bulunmu\u015ftu. Art\u0131k bir fenomene d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olan internet platformu Reddit\u2019in kurucular\u0131ndan biriydi. Lawrence Lessig ile beraber \u201cCreative Commons\u201d lisans\u0131n\u0131 in\u015fa eden ekibin i\u00e7indeydi. \u0130nternette sivil hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri savunan, \u00e7ok say\u0131da kampanyan\u0131n etkili bir \u015fekilde hayata ge\u00e7irilmesini sa\u011flayan Demand Progress\u2019in kurucusuydu (http:\/\/demandprogress.org\/).\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4689],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-4123","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-secki"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4123","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4123"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4123\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4123"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4123"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4123"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}