{"id":4346,"date":"2013-03-27T10:52:54","date_gmt":"2013-03-27T07:52:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/politeknik.org.tr\/\/?p=4346"},"modified":"2019-01-29T14:51:30","modified_gmt":"2019-01-29T11:51:30","slug":"isci-sagligi-ve-is-guvenliginde-emegin-orgutlenmesi-ertugrul-bilir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/isci-sagligi-ve-is-guvenliginde-emegin-orgutlenmesi-ertugrul-bilir\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130\u015f\u00e7i Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u0130\u015f G\u00fcvenli\u011finde Eme\u011fin \u00d6rg\u00fctlenmesi* – Ertu\u011frul Bilir"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0130\u015e\u00c7\u0130 SA\u011eLI\u011eI VE \u0130\u015e G\u00dcVENL\u0130\u011e\u0130NDE EME\u011e\u0130N \u00d6RG\u00dcTLENMES\u0130*<\/strong> <\/em><\/p>\n

Ertu\u011frul Bilir (Makina M\u00fchendisi, \u0130\u015f G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Uzman\u0131)<\/em>
<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Giri\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7i sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi konusunda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de s\u0131kl\u0131kla dile getirilen bir kli\u015fe \u201csendikalar i\u015f\u00e7i sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fiyle ilgilenmiyor\u201d \u015feklindedir. Bu ifade genel anlamda do\u011frudur da. \u0130\u015f kazalar\u0131 ve meslek hastal\u0131klar\u0131 sonucunda her y\u0131l 10.000\u2019in \u00fcst\u00fcnde insan\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011fi tahmin edilen [1] bir \u00fclke s\u00f6z konusuyken, sendikalar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri, eylemleri i\u00e7inde i\u015f\u00e7ilerin sa\u011fl\u0131k ve g\u00fcvenli\u011finin korunmas\u0131 \u00e7ok alt s\u0131ralarda kalmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ancak, bazen bir ger\u00e7e\u011fe dokunulurken, baz\u0131 ba\u015fka ger\u00e7eklerin g\u00f6r\u00fclmemesi durumu iyile\u015ftirmek yerine k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015ftirmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u201cSendikalar\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fiyle ilgilenmedi\u011fi\u201d ifadesini s\u0131k kullananlardan bir kesim, asl\u0131nda sendikalar\u0131n yarars\u0131z ve gereksiz oldu\u011funu ve i\u015f\u00e7ilerin sendikalarda \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmemeleri gerekti\u011fini savunmaktad\u0131r. Bu kesim, zaman zaman sendikalar\u0131n eksik ve yanl\u0131\u015f politikalar\u0131ndan ma\u011fdur olmu\u015f i\u015f\u00e7iler iken, s\u0131kl\u0131kla da, zaten i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesinden ho\u015flanmayan kesimlerdir.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6zkonusu kli\u015feyi s\u0131kl\u0131kla tekrarlayan di\u011fer kesim ise, sendikalar\u0131 bu alanda daha etkin olmaya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ran emek\u00e7iler ve \u00f6rg\u00fctleridir. Biz, sendikalar\u0131 daha etkin olma \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek amac\u0131yla, sendikalar\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131 \u00f6rnek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar \u00fczerinde duraca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Bu sunu\u015f, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de emek \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin i\u015f\u00e7i sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131\u00a0 yans\u0131tma iddias\u0131nda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, genel bir d\u00f6k\u00fcm iddias\u0131nda da de\u011fildir. Yaln\u0131zca, 1970\u2019lerde i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 hareketinin y\u00fckseli\u015f d\u00f6neminden, 12 Eyl\u00fcl darbesi sonras\u0131ndan ve g\u00fcncel olarak farkl\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lardan esin kayna\u011f\u0131 olabilecek baz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar \u00fczerinde durulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

2. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u0130\u015f G\u00fcvenli\u011finin Geli\u015fiminde S\u0131n\u0131f M\u00fccadelesinin \u00d6nemi<\/strong><\/p>\n

19. y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca i\u015f\u00e7i hareketleri bir yandan zaman zaman kapitalist s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcye kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck isyanlarla g\u00fcndeme gelirken, \u00f6te yandan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve ya\u015fama ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in eylem ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcrelerinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi talebi en \u00f6nemli taleplerden birisi olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Sanayinin ve kapitalizmin geli\u015fmesi s\u00fcrecinde i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 hareketleri de g\u00fc\u00e7lenmi\u015f ve sistemi zorlar hale gelmi\u015ftir. Bu ortamda, kapitalist s\u0131n\u0131f ve devletler, sermaye birikimini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmek yan\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fcyen \u00f6fke ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilmek i\u00e7in i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u015fikayetlerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n giderilmesi, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fam\u0131ndaki risklere kar\u015f\u0131 baz\u0131 g\u00fcvenceler sa\u011flanmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelmi\u015ftir [2].<\/p>\n

Sosyal g\u00fcvenlik sisteminin kurulu\u015fu 19. Y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 hareketinin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc geli\u015fme g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi\u00a0 \u00fclke olan Almanya\u2019da olmu\u015ftur. Almanya\u2019da i\u015f\u00e7ileri sistemle b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015ftirebilmek amac\u0131yla \u015eans\u00f6lye Bismarck taraf\u0131ndan g\u00fcndeme getirilerek kurulan sosyal sigorta sisteminde finansman\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i ve i\u015fveren primleri ile devlet katk\u0131s\u0131yla sa\u011flanmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Sosyal sigortalar kapsam\u0131nda hastal\u0131k (1883), i\u015f kazas\u0131 (1884), sakatl\u0131k ve ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131k (1889) sigortalar\u0131 olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur [3].<\/p>\n

Sosyal haklar\u0131n ve sosyal politikalar\u0131n olu\u015fumunda \u00f6nemli k\u00f6\u015fe ta\u015flar\u0131ndan birisi de 1919 y\u0131l\u0131nda Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn (ILO) kurulu\u015fudur. Rusya\u2019daki Bol\u015fevik Devrimi (1917) kapitalist \u00fclkelerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesi konusunda zorlay\u0131c\u0131 bir fakt\u00f6r olmu\u015ftur. 1919 y\u0131l\u0131nda ILO\u2019nun kurulmas\u0131 bu konuda at\u0131lan ad\u0131mlardan birisidir [4].<\/p>\n

ILO, sendikalar ve i\u015fveren \u00f6rg\u00fctleriyle i\u015fverenleri bir araya getirmektedir. ILO, Bol\u015fevik Devrimi\u2019nin Bat\u0131 Avrupa \u00fczerindeki etkisinin bir yans\u0131mas\u0131 olarak da g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir [5]. ILO\u2019nun kurulu\u015f toplant\u0131s\u0131nda kabul edilen 1 numaral\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u201c\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Saatleri (Sanayi) S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u201ddir ve de\u011fi\u015fik \u00fclkeler i\u00e7in de\u011fi\u015fik istisnalar tan\u0131makla birlikte, sanayi faaliyetlerinde haftal\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresini g\u00fcnde sekiz ve haftada 48 saat ile s\u0131n\u0131rlamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye ILO\u2019ya 1932 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fcye olmu\u015ftur. ILO, 2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda ise Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler\u2019in ilk uzmanl\u0131k kurulu\u015fu olmu\u015ftur.\u00a0 2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda ise d\u00fcnyan\u0131n sosyalist ve kapitalist olarak iki ana kampa b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi; kapitalist \u00fclkelerin tam istihdama dayal\u0131 sosyal devlet politikalar\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilerin sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi alan\u0131nda \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmeleri sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r [6]. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler 1948 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Evrensel Beyannamesi\u2019ni ilan etmi\u015ftir. Beyannamede \u201cya\u015famak, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve ki\u015fi g\u00fcvenli\u011fi herkesin hakk\u0131d\u0131r\u201d denilmektedir.

3. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 Hareketinin Y\u00fckseli\u015finden Bir \u00d6rnek: Yeralt\u0131 Maden-\u0130\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ya\u015fama hakk\u0131n\u0131n savunulmas\u0131 do\u011frultusunda i\u015f\u00e7ilerin s\u00f6z ve karar hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemi konusunda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den \u00f6nemli bir \u00f6rnek olarak Yeralt\u0131 Maden-\u0130\u015f an\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yeni \u00c7eltek madenlerinde 1965 y\u0131l\u0131nda 69 i\u015f\u00e7i, 1990 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise 68 i\u015f\u00e7i grizu patlamas\u0131 sonucu ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015ftir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin eme\u011fi yok pahas\u0131na s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrken, can g\u00fcvenlikleri de hi\u00e7e say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu iki b\u00fcy\u00fck katliam\u0131n aras\u0131nda, 1970\u2019li y\u0131llarda ise i\u015f\u00e7ilerin can g\u00fcvenliklerini, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin s\u00f6z ve karar haklar\u0131yla birlikte savunan bir deneyim ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Amasya Yeni \u00c7eltek b\u00f6lgesindeki linyit ocaklar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7iler 1970\u2019lerin ortalar\u0131nda yeni tipte bir sendikal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeyle tan\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1975 y\u0131l\u0131nda maden m\u00fchendisleri ile maden i\u015f\u00e7ileri taraf\u0131ndan kurulan T\u00fcrkiye Yeralt\u0131 Devrimci Maden \u0130\u015f\u00e7ileri Sendikas\u0131 (Yeralt\u0131 Maden-\u0130\u015f) i\u015f\u00e7ilerin s\u00f6z ve karar sahibi olmas\u0131 ilkesini benimsemi\u015ftir. \u0130\u015fverenin sendikay\u0131 kabul etmemesi \u00fczerine 23 g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir grev ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f ve grev i\u015f\u00e7ilerin kazan\u0131m\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Grev sonucunda yap\u0131lan Toplu \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile sadece \u00fccret art\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flanmakla kalmam\u0131\u015f, i\u015fyeri y\u00f6netimine i\u015f\u00e7ilerin aktif olarak kat\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 i\u015fyeri komite ve konseyleri de kurulmu\u015ftur. Ayr\u0131ca, i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi konusunda ciddi ilerlemeler sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sendikadan \u00f6nceki ve sonraki durum aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131 Yeralt\u0131 Maden \u0130\u015f Amasya \u015eb. Y\u00f6n. Kur. \u00dcyesi R\u0131za Yi\u011fit \u015f\u00f6yle anlatmaktad\u0131r [7]:<\/p>\n

\u201cGrizu denen meret tavan k\u0131sm\u0131na yerle\u015fir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i onu fark etmez. \u00d6nce, b\u00fct\u00fcn ocak k\u0131sm\u0131na, baca k\u0131sm\u0131na emniyet ba\u015f\u00e7avu\u015fu elindeki cihaz\u0131yla gidecek. Gerekli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmleri yapacak, ger\u00e7ekten orada i\u015f\u00e7inin girmesine haz\u0131r ise i\u015f\u00e7i girecek, de\u011fil ise mutlaka bekletirdi. Bu hakk\u0131 da biz sendikam\u0131zla ald\u0131k. Ondan \u00f6nce yoktu. Vardiya \u00e7\u0131kar, \u00f6b\u00fcr vardiya girerdi. Orada grizu mu birikmi\u015f, pis hava m\u0131 var, yang\u0131n m\u0131 oluyor\u2026 Bunun i\u00e7in de \u00e7ok kazalar olmu\u015ftur orada\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131, Yeni \u00c7eltek Maden Ocaklar\u0131\u2019nda 1980 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise i\u015fveren ve iktidar madeni kapatma karar\u0131 al\u0131nca i\u015f\u00e7iler direni\u015fe ge\u00e7mi\u015f\u00a0 ve 34 g\u00fcn ocaklar\u0131 kendileri i\u015fletmi\u015ftir. \u0130\u015fletmeye i\u015fyerinde g\u00fcvenlik de i\u015f\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f ve i\u015fyerinin zarar etmedi\u011fi, aksine karl\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1978 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise A\u015fkale\u2019de i\u015fveren oca\u011f\u0131 kapatma yoluna ba\u015fvurdu\u011funda yine Yeralt\u0131 Maden-\u0130\u015f\u2019te \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc i\u015f\u00e7iler ocakta \u00fcretime el koyarak yakla\u015f\u0131k 8 ay boyunca \u00fcretimi kendileri yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre boyunca i\u015fyerinde en ufak bir olumsuzluk ya\u015fanmam\u0131\u015f, en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir i\u015f kazas\u0131 bile olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r [8].<\/p>\n

Son y\u0131llarda ILO S\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri ve AB direktiflerinin ulusal mevzuata d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi s\u00fcrecinde yay\u0131nlanan yasa ve y\u00f6netmeliklerde de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n bilgilendirilmesi, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131,\u00a0 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan temsilcileri gibi ba\u015fl\u0131klar yer almaktad\u0131r. Bu ba\u015fl\u0131klar i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin de\u011ferlendirmesi gereken ba\u015fl\u0131klard\u0131r. Ancak, mevcut sistemde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemeler, esas olarak sermayenin egemenlik hakk\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki bir kat\u0131l\u0131m olarak b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda etkisiz kalmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin karar s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 sendikal yasalardaki engellemelerle, \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019ndaki g\u00fcvencesizle\u015ftirme ve esnekle\u015fme ile, devlet kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n engellemeleriyle, sermayenin kat\u0131 direni\u015fi ve uluslararas\u0131 ak\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla, ekonomik zorluklar ve i\u015fsizlik bask\u0131lanmas\u0131yla zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecine ili\u015fkin kararlara do\u011frudan do\u011fruya kat\u0131lmas\u0131, can g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 konusunda \u00f6nemli unsurlardan birisidir. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te T\u00fcrkiye i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n 1970\u2019lerde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 uyan\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ve yay\u0131lan \u201c\u00dcreten Biziz Y\u00f6neten de Biz Olaca\u011f\u0131z\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ger\u00e7ek ihtiyac\u0131 g\u00fczel \u015fekilde anlatmaktad\u0131r.

4. Darbe Sonras\u0131: Petrol-\u0130\u015f ve \u0130\u015fyerlerinde T\u00fckenen Ya\u015fam<\/strong><\/p>\n

Petrol, kimya ve lastik i\u015fkolu hem meslek hastal\u0131klar\u0131, hem de i\u015f kazalar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan y\u00fcksek riskli i\u015fkollar\u0131ndand\u0131r. Bu i\u015fkolunda \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc olan Petrol-\u0130\u015f Sendikas\u0131, 1985 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fcyeleri aras\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 bir anket \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131yla \u00fcyelerinin maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 meslek hastal\u0131klar\u0131 ve i\u015f kazalar\u0131na ili\u015fkin veriler olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Sendika, s\u00f6zkonusu ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yla birlikte i\u015f\u00e7i sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fine ili\u015fkin geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 \u201cRakamlarla: \u0130\u015fyerlerinde T\u00fckenen Ya\u015fam\u201d ad\u0131yla 1986 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r [9].<\/p>\n

Sendika \u00fcyelerinden 22.410\u2019u kendilerine ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan anketi yan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re i\u015f\u00e7iler i\u00e7erisinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen meslek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve i\u015f kazalar\u0131 SGK istatistiklerinin tespit ettiklerinden kat kat fazlad\u0131r. Sendikan\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 \u00fcyelerinin %5.9\u2019u bir meslek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na yakaland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, %15.9\u2019u ise i\u015f kazas\u0131 ge\u00e7irdiklerini belirtmi\u015flerdir. Sendika taraf\u0131ndan ula\u015f\u0131lan veriler SSK verileriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda meslek hastal\u0131klar\u0131 ve i\u015f kazalar\u0131n\u0131n tekrarlama oran\u0131 SSK verilerinin 3 kat\u0131, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k oran\u0131 ise 6 kat fazla olarak bulgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r [10]. B\u00f6ylece \u00fclkemizdeki sosyal sigorta kurumunun bulgular\u0131ndaki eksiklikler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ger\u00e7ek duruma daha yak\u0131n veriler sendika taraf\u0131ndan kamuoyuna sunulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Kitapta ayr\u0131ca Petrol-\u0130\u015f taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulan \u201c\u0130\u015f\u00e7i Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0 ve \u0130\u015f G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Servisi\u201dnin i\u015fyerleri d\u00fczeyinde haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0 raporlar sunulmaktad\u0131r. Raporlar T\u00fcrkiye G\u00fcbre Sanayii A\u015e K\u00fctahya M\u00fcessesi, Akdeniz Kimya, TPAO II. \u00dcretim Sahas\u0131 gibi farkl\u0131 i\u015fyerlerini kapsamaktad\u0131r. Raporlar i\u015fyerlerinde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan kimyasallar, tehlikelere ve al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken \u00f6nlemleri i\u00e7ermektedir. <\/p>\n

Yine kitapta i\u015fyerlerindeki toksik maddeler ve bu maddelere ili\u015fkin de\u011fi\u015fik \u00fclkelerde kabul edilen s\u0131n\u0131r de\u011ferlerin listeleri, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir \u00e7ok \u00fclkesinde mesleki hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak kabul edildi\u011fi halde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kabul edilmeyen hastal\u0131klar \u00fczerinde durulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sendika taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmede \u015funlar belirtilmektedir[11]:

\u201c\u0130\u015fyeri ortam\u0131nda toksik maddelere ve fiziki etkenlere maruz kal\u0131narak ya\u015famam\u0131z\u0131n kader olmayan bir \u015fekilde t\u00fckenmesi, birer \u201ci\u015f cinayetleri\u201ddir. Bu nedenle i\u015fyeri ortam\u0131ndaki \u201cya\u015fam yitimimiz\u201di sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunu \u00e7er\u00e7evesine s\u0131\u011fd\u0131rmamakta ve \u00fclkemiz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da ciddi bir sorun oldu\u011funa inanmaktay\u0131z. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc biz bu sorunu ya\u015famam\u0131z\u0131, can\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 vererek \u00e7ekiyoruz\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

1980 darbesiyle sendikalar\u0131n bask\u0131 alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, yasalarda ciddi k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n hayata ge\u00e7irildi\u011fi, D\u0130SK\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131\u00a0 sendikalar\u0131n kapat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemde Petrol-\u0130\u015f sendikas\u0131n\u0131n bir sendikan\u0131n asli g\u00f6revlerinden birisi olan ya\u015fam hakk\u0131n\u0131n savunulmas\u0131\u00a0 i\u00e7in yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bug\u00fcn i\u00e7in de \u00f6rnek al\u0131nmas\u0131\u00a0 gereken bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

5. G\u00fcncel Bir \u00d6rnek: Tuzla ve Limter-\u0130\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yak\u0131n d\u00f6nemde sendikalar ile i\u015f\u00e7i sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ili\u015fkisindeki en olumlu \u00f6rneklerden birisi Tuzla tersaneler b\u00f6lgesi ile D\u0130SK\/Limter-\u0130\u015f\u2019tir. Limter-\u0130\u015f sendikas\u0131 1990\u2019lardan itibaren verdi\u011fi m\u00fccadele ile Tuzla tersanelerindeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye mal olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin ya\u015fama hakk\u0131 m\u00fccadelesini veren Limter-\u0130\u015f sendikas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve Sosyal G\u00fcvenlik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (\u00c7SGB) yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sendikala\u015fma istatistiklerinde %10 baraj\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi (T\u0130S) ve yasal grev olanaklar\u0131 bulunmayan bir konumdad\u0131r. Gemi \u0130n\u015fa i\u015fkolunda %10 baraj\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde bulundu\u011fundan dolay\u0131 yetkili sendika durumunda olan T\u00fcrk-\u0130\u015f\/Dok Gemi-\u0130\u015f Sendikas\u0131 ise 20 civar\u0131nda tersane ile T\u0130S ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmektedir [12]. Ancak, Dok Gemi \u0130\u015f Sendikas\u0131 yetkili oldu\u011fu i\u015fyerlerinde ana i\u015fverenin i\u015f\u00e7ilerini \u00fcye yaparken,\u00a0 esas olarak i\u015fverenlerle \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmama politikas\u0131 izlemektedir. \u0130\u015f kazalar\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7te Dok Gemi-\u0130\u015f Sendikas\u0131 duyars\u0131z kalm\u0131\u015f ve eylemler yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise eylemlerin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn de Dok Gemi-\u0130\u015f Sendikas\u0131 ayn\u0131 politikay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011fi olarak 14 Ocak 2013 tarihinde Sedef Tersanesi\u2019nde ya\u015fanan i\u015f kazas\u0131 sonucu bir i\u015f\u00e7inin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc sendika internet sitesinde \u201cSedef Tersanesi\u2019nin ceo\u2019lar\u0131 ve t\u00fcm tersane personeli ile b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc ya\u015f\u0131yor\u201d giri\u015f c\u00fcmlesiyle duyurmaktad\u0131r [13]. Kazan\u0131n nedeni \u00fczerinde yorum yap\u0131lmamakta, kazan\u0131n olu\u015f bi\u00e7imine yer verilmemekte \u201cCEO\u201dlar\u0131n da \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n aktar\u0131lmas\u0131 yeterli g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

Tuzla\u2019n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye g\u00fcndemine yayg\u0131n olarak girmesi, 2007-2008 y\u0131llar\u0131nda s\u0131k aral\u0131klarla ya\u015fanan i\u015f cinayetleri sonras\u0131nda 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda Limter-\u0130\u015f taraf\u0131ndan 27-28 \u015eubat ile 16 Haziran\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen grev eylemleriyle olmu\u015ftur. Ancak, arka planda y\u0131llard\u0131r s\u00fcren \u0131srarl\u0131 bir \u00e7aba s\u00f6z konusudur. \u00d6rne\u011fin, 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda 14 Haziran g\u00fcn\u00fc Torlak Tersanesi\u2019nde Ekrem Bekta\u015f isimli i\u015f\u00e7inin patlama nedeniyle \u00f6lmesi sonras\u0131nda 16 Haziran tarihinde \u0130\u00e7meler K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc trafi\u011fe kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, binlerce i\u015f\u00e7i eyleme kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, tersanelerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda durmu\u015ftur [14]. Bu eylemler yasalara de\u011fil me\u015frulu\u011fa dayanan, \u00e7ok say\u0131da i\u015fyerini birlikte i\u00e7eren ve i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ya\u015fam hakk\u0131n\u0131 merkeze alan havza grevleri olarak sendikal hareket a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlar olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te Limter-\u0130\u015f sendikas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131yla bir araya gelen TMMOB \u0130stanbul \u0130l Koordinasyon Kurulu (\u0130KK), \u0130stanbul Tabip Odas\u0131 ve \u0130stanbul i\u015f\u00e7i Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc temsilcileri ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 destekleyen sosyal bilimciler taraf\u0131ndan \u201cTuzla Tersaneler B\u00f6lgesi \u0130zleme ve \u0130nceleme Komisyonu\u201d olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. Komisyon, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 2008 y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda bir raporla [15] kamuoyuna sunmu\u015ftur. B\u00f6ylece, b\u00f6lgedeki durum bilimsel bir formda incelenmi\u015f ve kamuoyuna sunularak, m\u00fccadele g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Limter-\u0130\u015f Sendikas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 2008 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki eylemlerde \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan talepleri \u015f\u00f6yledir [16]:<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 -Tersanelerde, A\u011f\u0131r ve Tehlikeli \u0130\u015fkolu Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi uygulans\u0131n.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 -G\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi 7.5 saat olarak acilen hayata ge\u00e7sin.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 -Sigortalar\u0131m\u0131z, ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00fccret \u00fczerinden ana firma taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6densin.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 -\u00dccretlerimizin \u00f6denmesi, ana firma taraf\u0131ndan g\u00fcvence edilsin.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 -Sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bar\u0131nma evleri, soyunma dolaplar\u0131, i\u015fkoluna uygun kaliteli yemek,.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 -Saat 10.00\u2019da ve 15.00\u2019te \u00e7ay molas\u0131 ile sosyal haklar\u0131m\u0131z eksiksiz verilsin.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 -T\u00fcm tersanelerde temsilcilik a\u00e7ma olana\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flans\u0131n.<\/p>\n

Limter-\u0130\u015f Sendikas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n taleplerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 mevcut yasalar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7ermektedir. Bu bile, tersanelerdeki durumun vahametini g\u00f6stermektedir. \u00d6te yandan, mevcut haklar\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesine d\u00f6n\u00fck talepler ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar da mevcuttur. Bunlar\u0131n en \u00f6nemlilerinden birisi de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcrelerinin 35 saate d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi talebidir. Limter-\u0130\u015f\u2019in genel taleplerinden birisi de \u201c\u0130\u015f Cinayetlerine Son. Sigortal\u0131, Sendikal\u0131, Haftada 35 Saat \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmak \u0130stiyoruz\u201d \u015feklinde olmu\u015ftur [14].<\/p>\n

Tuzla tersaneleri, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 i\u00e7indeki farkl\u0131 sendikal anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131n olas\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren bir \u00f6rnektir. Kendisini i\u015fverenlerin dert orta\u011f\u0131 olarak g\u00f6ren sendikal anlay\u0131\u015f i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6l\u00fcmlerini g\u00f6rmezden gelirken, s\u0131n\u0131f sendikac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0 anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ise nicel zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ya\u015fam hakk\u0131n\u0131 savunmaktad\u0131r. Tuzla tersanelerindeki ya\u015fam hakk\u0131 m\u00fccadelesi, ta\u015feron \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmleri ve g\u00fcvencesiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 da T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin g\u00fcndemine bir kez daha getirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Tuzla tersaneler b\u00f6lgesindeki m\u00fccadele kendi \u00e7evresinde meslek \u00f6rg\u00fctleri ve di\u011fer emek \u00f6rg\u00fctleriyle ortak hareketleri art\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda D\u0130SK \u0130stanbul B\u00f6lge Temsilcili\u011fi, TMMOB \u0130stanbul \u0130l Koordinasyon Kurulu, \u0130stanbul Tabip Odas\u0131 \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde olu\u015fturulan \u0130stanbul \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u0130\u015f G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Meclisi de bu birliktelikten de ilham alarak olu\u015fturulmu\u015f ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na geli\u015ferek devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n

6. Kaynak\u00e7a<\/strong><\/p>\n[1] Ertu\u011frul Bilir. Sosyal G\u00fcvenlik Kurumu Dalga m\u0131 Ge\u00e7iyor? Web: www.politeknik.org.tr. 2013.<\/p>\n[2] Meryem Koray. Sosyal Politika. 3. Bask\u0131. Ankara: \u0130mge Kitabevi. 2008. s. 33-34.<\/p>\n[3] SGK Tarih\u00e7e. Web: http:\/\/www.sgk.gov.tr\/wps\/portal\/tr\/kurumsal\/tarihce (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 02.02.2013).<\/p>\n[4]Alp Esin. Yeni Mevzuat\u0131n I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi. Ankara: MMO. 2004. s. 27<\/p>\n[5] Keith D. Ewing. \u201cInternational Labour Standards\u201d. Global Industrial Relations. Ed. M.J. Morley, P. Gunnigle, D.G. Collings. London and New York: Routledge. 2006. s. 240.<\/p>\n[6] Fatih Y\u0131lmaz. C S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 \u0130\u015f G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Uzmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sertifika E\u011fitim Program\u0131 Ders Notu. \u0130stanbul. 2010. s. 10.<\/p>\n[7] R\u0131za Yi\u011fit. Unutturulanlar-2. Yeralt\u0131 Maden-\u0130\u015f Yeni \u00c7eltek Belgeseli. A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Belgeleme Filmcilik. 2007.<\/p>\n[8] Dev Maden-Sen. 1979 A\u015fkale Direni\u015fi. Web: http:\/\/www.devmadensen.org.tr\/arsiv\/duyuru\/askale_1979.html (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 12.02.2013)<\/p>\n[9] Petrol-\u0130\u015f. Rakamlarla: \u0130\u015fyerlerinde T\u00fckenen Ya\u015fam. \u0130stanbul. 1986<\/p>\n[10] Petrol-\u0130\u015f. Age. s. 128-129<\/p>\n[11] Petrol-\u0130\u015f. Age. s. 12.<\/p>\n[12] \u00c7SGB. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Hayat\u0131 \u0130statistikleri 2007. s. 40\u2019tan elde edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n[13] Dok Gemi-\u0130\u015f.\u00a0 Sedef Tersanesinde \u00dcz\u00fcc\u00fc Olay. 2013. http:\/\/www.dokgemiis.com\/default.asp?m_id=2\u00a7ion_id=37&c_id=588&title=SEDEF%20TERSANES%DDNDE%20%DCZ%DCC%DC%20OLAY (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 15.02.2013)<\/p>\n[14] Limter-\u0130\u015f. \u201c2004-2007 Faaliyet Raporu\u201d. 11. Ola\u011fan Genel Kurulu (27-28 Ocak 2007). Web: http:\/\/www.limteris.com\/haber\/haber_detay.asp?haberID=81 (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 12.02.2013)<\/p>\n[15] Tuzla Tersaneler B\u00f6lgesi \u0130zleme ve \u0130nceleme Komisyonu. Tuzla Tersaneler B\u00f6lgesi\u2019ndeki \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve \u00d6nlenebilir Seri \u0130\u015f Kazalar\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Rapor. \u0130stanbul: 2008.<\/p>\n[16] Limter-\u0130\u015f. 27-28 \u015eubat\u2019ta Grevdeyiz. Web: http:\/\/www.limteris.com\/haber\/haber_detay.asp?haberID=99 (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 12.02.2013)<\/p>\n


* Bu bildiri Makina M\u00fchendisleri Odas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan 15-16 Mart 2013 tarihlerinde \u0130stanbul\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen \u201c\u0130\u015f\u00e7i Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u0130\u015f G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Yerel Sempozyumu\u201dnda sunulmu\u015ftur.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u0130\u015e\u00c7\u0130 SA\u011eLI\u011eI VE \u0130\u015e G\u00dcVENL\u0130\u011e\u0130NDE EME\u011e\u0130N \u00d6RG\u00dcTLENMES\u0130* \nErtu\u011frul Bilir (Makina M\u00fchendisi, \u0130\u015f G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Uzman\u0131)\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4717],"tags":[989,723,757,1012],"class_list":{"0":"post-4346","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-calisma-yasami","8":"tag-ertugrul-bilir","9":"tag-isci-sagligi","10":"tag-isci-sagligi-ve-is-guvenligi","11":"tag-isig"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4346","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4346"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4346\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4346"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4346"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4346"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}