<\/p>\n
\u00d6zg\u00fcr Yaz\u0131l\u0131m toplumsaldan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z, salt teknik bir olgu de\u011fildir. Fakat, EMO’da son zamanlarda \u00d6zg\u00fcr Yaz\u0131l\u0131m’\u0131n Linux’a indirgendi\u011fini ve onun toplumsall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bu noktadan de\u011ferlendirildi\u011fini g\u00f6rmekteyiz. Bu e\u011filim, EMO’yu bili\u015fim politikalar\u0131nda\u00a0 (ister istemez) liberal bir \u00e7izgiye s\u00fcr\u00fcklemektedir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ele\u015ftiriler bu kayg\u0131yla ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ele\u015ftirilerin daha rahat anla\u015f\u0131labilmesi ve yanl\u0131\u015f anla\u015f\u0131lmaya yol a\u00e7mamas\u0131 i\u00e7in okuyucunun \u00f6nce sitemizde yer alan \u201cD\u00fcnden Bug\u00fcne \u00d6zg\u00fcr Yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u201d adl\u0131 yaz\u0131y\u0131 okumas\u0131 yerinde olacakt\u0131r [1]<\/a>.<\/font><\/p>\n 21 A\u011fustos 2008 tarihinde, EMO Ankara \u015eubesi \u00fcyeleri \u015fubelerinden, \u201cM\u0130N\u0130K PENGUEN L\u0130NUX 17 YA\u015eINDA\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir e-posta ald\u0131lar. E-posta \u015f\u00f6yle ba\u015fl\u0131yordu:<\/font><\/p>\n “25 A\u011fustos 1991’de, Linus Torvalds’\u0131n “.. Nisan’dan beri \u00fccretsiz bir i\u015fletim sistemi \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorum, sadece bir hobi olarak. Ve haz\u0131r hale gelmeye ba\u015flad\u0131, bu a\u015famada MINIX’in sevdi\u011finiz\/sevmedi\u011finiz \u00f6zellikleri ile ilgili d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinizi almak istiyorum ..” s\u00f6zleriyle do\u011fan Linux’un, 17 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 hep birlikte kutluyoruz.”<\/font><\/p>\n \u00dcyeler, 23 A\u011fustos’ta \u015fubede ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecek bir etkinli\u011fe \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131yordu. \u0130lk bak\u0131\u015fta bu duyuruda s\u0131rad\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir durum s\u00f6zkonusu de\u011fildi. EMO zaten y\u0131llard\u0131r \u00d6zg\u00fcr Yaz\u0131l\u0131m’\u0131 desteklemiyor muydu? Hatta bu y\u00f6nde bir genel kurul karar\u0131 da yok muydu?<\/font><\/p>\n Do\u011fru, EMO \u00d6zg\u00fcr Yaz\u0131l\u0131m’\u0131 destekliyordu ve sorun\u00a0 tam da bu noktada ba\u015fl\u0131yordu. \u00d6zg\u00fcr Yaz\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar, \u00d6zg\u00fcr Yaz\u0131l\u0131m olgusunu anlat\u0131rken \u0131srarla, \u00d6zg\u00fcr Yaz\u0131l\u0131m’\u0131n \u00fccretsiz yaz\u0131l\u0131m olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurguluyorlard\u0131 [2]<\/a>. Bu ba\u011flamda, Torvalds’\u0131n, \u201c \u00fccretsiz bir i\u015fletim sistemi \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorum\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc s\u0131r\u0131tmaktayd\u0131. \u00c7evirmen ‘free’ s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fccretsiz diye \u00e7evirmi\u015fti. Bu durum bir \u00e7eviri hatas\u0131 m\u0131yd\u0131 yoksa Torvalds free s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ger\u00e7ekten de \u00fccretsiz manas\u0131nda m\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131? Torvalds, \u00d6zg\u00fcr Yaz\u0131l\u0131m Hareketi’nin bir aktivisti olsayd\u0131, hi\u00e7 teredd\u00fcts\u00fcz hatay\u0131 \u00e7evirmende arard\u0131k. Fakat, Torvalds’\u0131n baz\u0131 kritik durumlardaki belirsiz duru\u015fu bu soruya net bir yan\u0131t verilmesini engelliyor.<\/font><\/p>\n Ancak daha \u00f6nemlisi, EMO Ankara \u015eubesi’nin neden b\u00f6yle bir kutlamaya gereksinim duydu\u011fudur. <\/font><\/p>\n \u0130nsanlar gibi \u00f6rg\u00fctler de \u00e7e\u015fitli soyutlamalarla d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr ve bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede hareket eder. \u00d6rg\u00fct, soyutlama s\u00fcrecinde b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u00e7inde yaln\u0131zca baz\u0131 \u015feyleri g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00a0 ve duyar. Bir di\u011fer deyi\u015fe bilin\u00e7li ya da bilin\u00e7siz olarak s\u00fcrekli s\u0131n\u0131rlar \u00e7izer, baz\u0131 olgular\u0131 kapsama alan\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r ve baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eriye \u00e7ekip al\u0131r.\u00a0 Her y\u0131l belirli tarihlerde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z anmalar\u0131 bu kapsamda de\u011ferlendirmek gerekir. <\/font><\/p>\n Acaba, EMO Ankara \u015eubesi, tarihe bir i\u015faret koyarak\u00a0 \u201c25 A\u011fustos 1991 benim i\u00e7in bir milatt\u0131r.\u201d m\u0131 demek istemi\u015ftir?<\/strong><\/font><\/p>\n E\u011fer\u00a0 sorunun yan\u0131t\u0131 ‘evet’ ise,\u00a0 EMO Ankara \u015eubesi burada, \u201crastlant\u0131sal bir tarih anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131yla hareket etmektedir\u201d diyebiliriz. Gen\u00e7 bir adam \u00e7\u0131kar ve der ki, \u201cben \u00fccretsiz bir i\u015fletim sistemi yazaca\u011f\u0131m.\u201d. Daha sonra yarat\u0131c\u0131 bir \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme fikriyle d\u00fcnyay\u0131 sarsan bir i\u015fletim sistemi geli\u015ftirir. Torvalds’\u0131n ilgili mesaj\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihsel ko\u015fullar, ili\u015fkiler ve s\u00fcre\u00e7ler g\u00f6rmezden gelinir; k\u0131sacas\u0131 \u00d6zg\u00fcr Yaz\u0131l\u0131m tarihsizle\u015ftirilir.<\/font><\/p>\n Linux’un ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00d6zg\u00fcr Yaz\u0131l\u0131m’\u0131n tarihinde \u00f6nemli u\u011fraklardan biridir. Ama Torvalds’\u0131n kahramanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 konu\u015fmadan \u00f6nce Linux’u haz\u0131rlayan tarihsel ko\u015fullara bakmak daha yerinde olacakt\u0131r. Ancak bu \u015fekilde ge\u00e7mi\u015ften gelece\u011fe uzanabiliriz. Linux, bilgisayarlar\u0131n ucuzlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve daha geni\u015f bir kitlenin eri\u015fim olana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu bir d\u00f6nemde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Projeye kat\u0131l\u0131m Internet’in yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131yla beraber giderek yo\u011funla\u015farak artt\u0131. Torvalds’\u0131n etkin proje y\u00f6netimi Linux’un ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131ndaki \u00f6nemli fakt\u00f6rlerden biriydi. Fakat \u015funu a\u00e7\u0131k se\u00e7ik ve y\u00fcksek sesle s\u00f6ylemek gerekir, \u00d6zg\u00fcr Yaz\u0131l\u0131m Hareketi olmasayd\u0131 Linux da olmazd\u0131. S\u00f6zkonusu olan sadece projede kullan\u0131lan GNU ara\u00e7lar\u0131 de\u011fil; hareketin kendisi, idealleri ve bu ideallerin hukuksal alanda somutlanm\u0131\u015f hali GPL (Genel Kamu Lisans\u0131) Linux’u var etti. Penguenin sevimlili\u011fini, GNU\/Linux’un teknik \u00f6zelliklerini\/g\u00fczelliklerini bir yana b\u0131rakal\u0131m. \u00d6zg\u00fcr Yaz\u0131l\u0131m Hareketi’nin, enformasyonun ortakla\u015fa m\u00fclkiyetini savunan ideolojik duru\u015fu olmasayd\u0131; GPL, \u201cherkese ihtiyac\u0131 kadar, herkesten yetene\u011fi kadar yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u201d ilkesi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde bir toplumsal yap\u0131 tahayy\u00fcl etmemi\u015f ve bunun hukuksal zeminini haz\u0131rlamam\u0131\u015f olsayd\u0131, ne Torvalds’\u0131n \u201cdahiyane\u201d y\u00f6netimi olurdu ne de Linux.<\/font><\/p>\n Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, tarihi, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek eylemde bulunan insanlar\u0131n tarihi olarak de\u011ferlendirenler i\u00e7in Linux projesinin duyuruldu\u011fu tarih bir milat olamaz. Linux’un ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n rastlant\u0131salla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p, onu var eden tarihsel ko\u015fullar\u0131 g\u00f6rmezlikten gelinmesi yaln\u0131zca ge\u00e7mi\u015fin eksik\/yanl\u0131\u015f bir de\u011ferlendirmesi olmaz; toplumsal ger\u00e7ekli\u011fin tam kavranamay\u0131\u015f\u0131 EMO’nun bili\u015fim politikalar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckten yoksun ve belirsiz bir hale getirir.<\/font><\/p>\n E\u011fer illa ki bir kutlama yap\u0131lacaksa o tarih, enformasyonun metala\u015fmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 anlaml\u0131 bir duru\u015fun sergilendi\u011fi GNU projesinin duyuruldu\u011fu 27 Eyl\u00fcl 1983 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. 25 A\u011fustos 1991 tarihi ise ne yaz\u0131k ki ge\u00e7mi\u015ften gelece\u011fe bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc kuram\u0131yor, kendisini var eden \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc bir hareketin tarihini yads\u0131yor.<\/font><\/p>\n K\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce EMO yay\u0131nlar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan \u201cKatedral ve Pazar\u201d adl\u0131 kitap a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekilde okuyucuya sunulmaktad\u0131r:<\/font><\/p>\n Elektrik M\u00fchendisleri Odas\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri destek olmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k kaynak kodlu yaz\u0131l\u0131m alan\u0131nda neredeyse bir klasik olan elinizdeki kitab\u0131 kamuoyu ile payla\u015fmaktan onur duymaktad\u0131r.<\/font><\/p>\n En ba\u015fta \u015funu belirtmekte fayda var. EMO’nun Genel Kurul kararlar\u0131nda da yer alan destek\u00a0 \u201cA\u00e7\u0131k Kaynak Kodlu Yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u201da de\u011fil, \u201c\u00d6zg\u00fcr Yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u201dad\u0131r. Fakat, \u015fu da do\u011frudur, EMO T\u00fcrk\u00e7e’ye \u00e7evirdi\u011fi bu kitapla \u201ca\u00e7\u0131k kaynak kod\u201da g\u00fczel bir destek sunmu\u015ftur. Do\u011fru mudur? Yorumu, okuyuca b\u0131rak\u0131yoruz. Ancak, serbest piyasa ekonomisine kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve kamusal haklar\u0131 vurgulayan bir meslek \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u00a0 i\u00e7in yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7eviri, sosyalist bir partinin Adam Smith’in \u201cUluslar\u0131n Zenginli\u011fi\u201d adl\u0131 eserini T\u00fcrk\u00e7e’ye \u00e7evirip da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcstlenmesi kadar ilgin\u00e7tir. 41. D\u00f6nem EMO Y\u00f6netim Kurulu, 03.05.2008 tarihli bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131nda \u201cEMO KAMU YARARINA M\u00dcCADELEY\u0130 S\u00dcRD\u00dcRECEK<\/strong>\u201d [3]<\/a> demi\u015ftir. Oda’n\u0131n eylemleri ve bast\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitaplar bu hedefiyle \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmelidir.<\/font><\/p>\n Her\u015feyden \u00f6nce \u015funu belirtmek gerekir, \u00d6zg\u00fcr Yaz\u0131l\u0131m ve A\u00e7\u0131k Kaynak Kod kavramlar\u0131 ayn\u0131 \u015feye tekab\u00fcl etmez.<\/font><\/p>\n \u00d6zg\u00fcr Yaz\u0131l\u0131m Hareketi’nin kurucular\u0131ndan Richard Stallman, kendini sosyalist ya da komunist olarak tan\u0131mlamaz. Ancak bug\u00fcn kendilerine sosyalist diyenlerden daha \u00e7ok\u00a0 \u00fcretim ili\u015fkilerini kavram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u201c\u00d6zel M\u00fclkiyet\u201din toplumsal yap\u0131y\u0131, insan do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131 a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inde hareket eder. Rekabetin yerine toplumsal dayan\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 koyar. \u00d6zg\u00fcr Yaz\u0131l\u0131m’\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131, kaynak koduna eri\u015fimin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulayan Kapal\u0131 Kod yaz\u0131l\u0131m de\u011fildir. Stallman, gerekli olan\u0131n kaynak kodunun salt g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda, de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131labilir olmas\u0131n\u0131n da alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izer. Bunun bir di\u011fer anlam\u0131 \u015fudur, yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n kaynak kodunun kendisi bir \u00fcretim arac\u0131d\u0131r ve kamuya ait olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/font><\/p>\n \u00d6zg\u00fcr yaz\u0131l\u0131m, yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n \u00f6zel m\u00fclk haline getirilmesine kar\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6zg\u00fcr Yaz\u0131l\u0131m’a g\u00f6re yaz\u0131l\u0131m, s\u00fcrekli biriken toplumsal bilgidir. \u201cB\u0131rak\u0131n\u0131z yaps\u0131nlar, b\u0131rak\u0131n\u0131z ge\u00e7sinler\u201d t\u00fcr\u00fcnden liberal tekerlemelerin fark\u0131ndad\u0131r. Hedef, kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n\/\u00fcretenin \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r, ama firmalar\u0131n yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6zel m\u00fclk haline getirme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mesiyle yaz\u0131l\u0131m end\u00fcstrisini rahats\u0131z etmektedir.<\/font><\/p>\n \u0130\u015fte bu ba\u011flamda, \u00d6zg\u00fcr Yaz\u0131l\u0131m’\u0131n politik retori\u011finden rahats\u0131z olan bir grup insan (i\u00e7lerinde EMO’nun bizlerle payla\u015fmaktan onur duydu\u011fu kitab\u0131n yazar\u0131, Eric S. Raymond da vard\u0131r.), 1997’de Kaliforniya’da bir araya gelir. Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n temel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi \u00d6zg\u00fcr Yaz\u0131l\u0131m Hareketi’nin anti-kapitalist s\u00f6yleminin, i\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcr yaz\u0131l\u0131ma yak\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck engeli olu\u015fturdu\u011fudur. Bu nedenle \u00f6nce \u00f6zg\u00fcr yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n ad\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirilir, art\u0131k onun ad\u0131 A\u00e7\u0131k Kaynak Kod’dur. Ayr\u0131ca etik de\u011ferler ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00fczerine kurulu s\u00f6ylem hemen terkedilmelidir. Bundan b\u00f6yle temel arg\u00fcmanlar\u0131 teknik \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck ve kullan\u0131c\u0131lara getirece\u011fi karl\u0131l\u0131k olacakt\u0131r.<\/font><\/p>\n \u00d6zetle, A\u00e7\u0131k Kaynak Kod terimini kullan\u0131rken EMO gibi bir kurumun dikkatli olmas\u0131 gerekir.\u00a0 \u201cEMO KAMU YARARINA M\u00dcCADELEY\u0130 S\u00dcRD\u00dcRECEK\u201d dedikten sonra, \u201c\u00d6zg\u00fcr Yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u201d\u0131 kamusal s\u00f6yleminden ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131p \u015firketlere ho\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyi hedefleyen A\u00e7\u0131k Kaynak Kod camias\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6zc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapmak\u00a0 ve \u00d6zg\u00fcr Yaz\u0131l\u0131m’\u0131n liberal bir kavramsalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndan ba\u015fka bir anlam\u0131 olmayan bir kitab\u0131 okurlara sunmak tutarl\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/font><\/p>\n Raymond’un kitab\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bilgiler vard\u0131r. Ama bu i\u00e7erik g\u00fcncel bir yaz\u0131l\u0131m m\u00fchendisli\u011fi kitab\u0131nda bulunabilecek yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n Internet \u00fczerinden ortakla\u015fa \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecine uyarlanmas\u0131ndan ba\u015fka bir\u015fey de\u011fildir. \u00d6rne\u011fin erken ve s\u0131k aral\u0131klarla yap\u0131lan s\u00fcr\u00fcmler, kaynak kodunun yeniden kullan\u0131labilirli\u011fi, kullan\u0131c\u0131larla yak\u0131n ileti\u015fim \u00f6nemli fakat yaln\u0131zca Linux’un geli\u015ftirilmesine \u00f6zg\u00fc olgular de\u011fildir.<\/font><\/p>\n Kitab\u0131n toplumsal analizleri ise \u00d6zg\u00fcr Yaz\u0131l\u0131m olgusunu buland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in elinden geleni yapmaktad\u0131r:<\/font><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0 ”\u00a0 …Linux D\u00fcnyas\u0131, pek \u00e7ok y\u00f6nden, i\u00e7inde fayda maksimizasyonu yapan bencil varl\u0131klar toplulu\u011funun yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, d\u00fczeltmeleri kendili\u011finden yapan ve merkezi bir planlamayla eri\u015filebilecek olandan daha \u00e7e\u015fitli ve verimli bir s\u00fcrece, bir serbest piyasaya veya ekolojik bir ortama benzer (s. 27)”<\/font><\/p>\n EMO’nun serbest piyasadan b\u00f6yle \u00f6vg\u00fcyle s\u00f6z edip, merkezi planlamaya da dokunduran bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya daha temkinli yakla\u015fmas\u0131 gerekmez mi?<\/font><\/p>\n Devam edelim… Yazar, a\u00e7\u0131k se\u00e7ik niyetini de belirtiyor:<\/font><\/p>\n “Sonunda zafer a\u00e7\u0131k kaynak k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn olacaksa da, bunun nedeni i\u015fbirli\u011finin ahlaken do\u011fru ya da yaz\u0131l\u0131m \u201cistiflemenin (g\u00f6m\u00fclemenin)\u201d ahlaken yanl\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 de\u011fil (Linus’un ve benim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncemin aksine ikincisine inand\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 varsayarak), fakat kapal\u0131 kaynak d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n, problem \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcnde daha \u00e7ok vas\u0131fl\u0131 zaman\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctleyebilen a\u00e7\u0131k kaynak topluluklar\u0131yla girece\u011fi yar\u0131\u015f\u0131 kazanamayacak olmas\u0131d\u0131r (s. 28).”<\/font><\/p>\n Yazar\u0131m\u0131z klasik a\u00e7\u0131k kaynak stratejisine sad\u0131k kal\u0131yor: Yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n teknik \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcklerinden bahset, etik de\u011ferleri rafa kald\u0131r. Nitekim bu stratejinin en son varaca\u011f\u0131 nokta da, e\u011fer \u00f6zel m\u00fclk yaz\u0131l\u0131m, \u00f6zg\u00fcr yaz\u0131l\u0131m muadillerinden daha \u00fcst\u00fcn \u00f6zellikler sergiliyorsa onu kullan. \u00d6zg\u00fcr Yaz\u0131l\u0131m, her zaman en iyisi de\u011fildir, sadece s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde en iyi olabilir. Linus Torvalds’\u0131n Linux projesinde \u00d6zg\u00fcr Yaz\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar’\u0131n t\u00fcm uyar\u0131lar\u0131na ra\u011fmen BitKeeper olay\u0131nda b\u00f6yle davranm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; sonu\u00e7 ise felaket olmu\u015ftur [4]<\/a>. (Kald\u0131 ki, \u00d6zg\u00fcr Yaz\u0131l\u0131m felsefesi, \u201c\u00f6zel m\u00fclk yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u201d\u0131 kabullenmeyi de\u011fil, onu a\u015fmay\u0131 gerektirir. Yeterli potansiyelinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda bile, boyun e\u011fmez.)<\/font><\/p>\n Kitab\u0131n tamam\u0131nda yazar Linux mucizesini a\u00e7\u0131klamak i\u00e7in d\u00f6n\u00fcp dola\u015f\u0131yor, \u00d6zg\u00fcr Yaz\u0131l\u0131m’\u0131n \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyet, rekabet ele\u015ftirilerinin ustal\u0131kla \u00fczerinden atl\u0131yor, en sonunda da motivasyon sorunsal\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle yorum yap\u0131yor:<\/font><\/p>\n \u0130nsanlar, s\u0131k\u0131lman\u0131n zor oldu\u011fu, fakat sonuca varman\u0131n kolay olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 optimal bir d\u00fczeyde kalmak kayd\u0131yla, i\u015fle bo\u011fu\u015fmaktan zevk al\u0131rlar.<\/font><\/p>\n Tabi burada yazar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n bunu a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 zor. Yoksa mucizeyi a\u00e7\u0131klamak i\u00e7in yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 onca sayfay\u0131 heba etmek zorunda kalacakt\u0131. O a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131yorsa g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn moda c\u00fcmlesiyle biz a\u00e7\u0131klayal\u0131m: \u201cEvet, Karl Marx hakl\u0131yd\u0131!\u201d. Adam Smith’in \u201cinsanlar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmadan vebadan ka\u00e7ar gibi ka\u00e7ar.\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 ne demi\u015fti Marx? \u201cBelirli tarihsel ko\u015fullarda, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ya\u015famsal bir ihtiya\u00e7t\u0131r da…\u201d. O zaman sorun, insanlar\u0131n normal \u015fartlarda neden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmadan ka\u00e7\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131, \u00f6zg\u00fcr yaz\u0131l\u0131m projelerinde ise neden g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc katk\u0131lar sundu\u011fudur. EMO y\u00f6netimi, Linux mucizesinden kafas\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131p eski kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilir, hani meta feti\u015fizminin, yabanc\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n, zorunlu i\u015fb\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ve tabi ki \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyetin tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitaplar\u0131n\u0131… [5]<\/a> EMO’nun bili\u015fim sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne y\u00f6nelmesi, bili\u015fim politikalar\u0131nda s\u00f6z sahibi olmak istemesi ve bu do\u011frultuda \u00e7e\u015fitli etkinliklerde bulunmas\u0131 sevindiricidir. Ama g\u00f6n\u00fcl isterdi ki, enerji politikalar\u0131ndaki toplumcu \u00e7izgi, bili\u015fim alan\u0131nda da kendini g\u00f6stersin. EMO, kamucu refleksleriyle \u00d6zg\u00fcr Yaz\u0131l\u0131m\/A\u00e7\u0131k Kaynak Kod’u farketmi\u015ftir. Ancak, bu fark\u0131ndal\u0131k b\u00fct\u00fcnsel bir EMO politikas\u0131 haline gelememi\u015ftir. \u201c\u00d6zg\u00fcr Yaz\u0131l\u0131m iyidir…\u201d. Peki neden? Bu sorunun yan\u0131t\u0131 EMO i\u00e7inde hen\u00fcz netle\u015fmemi\u015ftir. EMO, \u00d6zg\u00fcr Yaz\u0131l\u0131m’\u0131 destekliyoruz, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc,<\/font><\/p>\n 1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Kaynak kodu bir \u00fcretim arac\u0131d\u0131r ve toplumsal bilgi birikimidir. Hi\u00e7 kimsenin \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyetinde olmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/font><\/p>\n 2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u0130nternet’te ger\u00e7ek bir demokratik ortam\u0131n sa\u011flanabilmesi i\u00e7in, herkese kat\u0131l\u0131m olana\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu da ancak \u201ct\u00fcm insanlara ihtiyaci kadar\u201d yaz\u0131l\u0131m sunabilen \u00d6zg\u00fcr Yaz\u0131l\u0131m’la olanakl\u0131d\u0131r [6]<\/a>. \u00d6zg\u00fcr yaz\u0131l\u0131m, bili\u015fim toplumunda ileti\u015fim hakk\u0131n\u0131n temelidir.<\/font><\/p>\n diyebilmelidir… Ancak o zaman ger\u00e7ek anlamda, hem teoride hem pratikte \u00d6zg\u00fcr Yaz\u0131l\u0131m’\u0131 desteklemi\u015f olur. Aksi taktirde, \u00d6zg\u00fcr Yaz\u0131l\u0131m’\u0131 destekliyoruz deyip liberalizmin de\u011firmenine su ta\u015f\u0131maya devam edilecektir…<\/font><\/p>\n [1]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 http:\/\/www.politeknik.org.tr\/site\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=289:-duenden-buguene-oezguer-yazlm-zlem-goezuekele&catid=25:tmmob&Itemid=8<\/font><\/p>\n<\/div>\n [2]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 \u00d6zg\u00fcr Yaz\u0131l\u0131m, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ile ilgilidir, fiyatla bir ilgisi yoktur. Kavram\u0131 anlayabilmek i\u00e7in, ‘free’ s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki (free speech) gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn, \u00fccretsiz bira (free beer) gibi de\u011fil. – Free software is a matter of liberty, not price. To understand the concept, you should think of free as in free speech, not as in free beer.\u00a0 (http:\/\/www.gnu.org\/philosophy\/free-sw.html)<\/font><\/p>\n<\/div>\n [3]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 http:\/\/www.emo.org.tr\/genel\/bizden_detay.php?kod=60369&tipi=3\u2286=0<\/font><\/p>\n<\/div>\n [4]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 http:\/\/www.politeknik.org.tr\/site\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=289:-duenden-buguene-oezguer-yazlm-zlem-goezuekele&catid=25:tmmob&Itemid=8<\/font><\/p>\n<\/div>\n [5]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 Yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, http:\/\/sendika.org\/yazi.php?yazi_no=7025<\/font><\/p>\n<\/div>\n [6]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 \u00d6rne\u011fin KESK’in ve \u00fcye sendikalar\u0131n web sitelerine bak\u0131n\u0131z: http:\/\/www.kesk.org.tr\/index.php?option=com_content&task=category\u00a7ionid=7&id=23&Itemid=83<\/a> . Tamam\u0131 bir \u00f6zg\u00fcr yaz\u0131l\u0131m olan joomla ile haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. E\u011fer \u00f6zg\u00fcr yaz\u0131l\u0131m olmasayd\u0131, \u00f6rne\u011fin t\u00fcm bili\u015fim alan\u0131 Microsoft’a kalsayd\u0131 maddi olanaks\u0131zl\u0131klar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden toplumsal muhalefeti \u0130nternet’te g\u00f6rmemiz zorla\u015facakt\u0131.<\/font><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00a0\u0130zlem G\u00f6z\u00fckele\u015f – EMO Ankara \u015eube \u00fcyesi<\/strong><\/font><\/p>\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\n\u00d6zg\u00fcr Yaz\u0131l\u0131m toplumsaldan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z, salt teknik bir olgu de\u011fildir. Fakat, EMO’da son zamanlarda \u00d6zg\u00fcr Yaz\u0131l\u0131m’\u0131n Linux’a indirgendi\u011fini ve onun toplumsall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bu noktadan de\u011ferlendirildi\u011fini g\u00f6rmekteyiz. Bu e\u011filim, EMO’yu bili\u015fim politikalar\u0131nda\u00a0 (ister istemez) liberal bir \u00e7izgiye s\u00fcr\u00fcklemektedir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ele\u015ftiriler bu kayg\u0131yla ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ele\u015ftirilerin daha rahat anla\u015f\u0131labilmesi ve yanl\u0131\u015f anla\u015f\u0131lmaya yol a\u00e7mamas\u0131 i\u00e7in okuyucunun \u00f6nce sitemizde yer alan \u201cD\u00fcnden Bug\u00fcne \u00d6zg\u00fcr Yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u201d adl\u0131 yaz\u0131y\u0131 okumas\u0131 yerinde olacakt\u0131r [1].\n\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4728],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-516","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-tmmob-yazilar"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/516","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=516"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/516\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=516"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=516"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=516"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}} Linux’un Do\u011fumg\u00fcn\u00fc<\/font><\/strong><\/h2>\n
Katedral ve Pazar<\/font><\/strong><\/h2>\n
<\/font><\/p>\n\u00d6zg\u00fcr Yaz\u0131l\u0131m = \u00dcretim \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u00a0 + \u0130leti\u015fim Hakk\u0131<\/font><\/strong><\/h2>\n
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