{"id":666,"date":"2008-12-22T11:31:03","date_gmt":"2008-12-22T08:31:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/politeknik.org.tr\/\/?p=666"},"modified":"2013-11-07T18:37:40","modified_gmt":"2013-11-07T15:37:40","slug":"cevre-muehendisleri-odas-stanbul-ubesi-qdevlet-yardm-le-zehirleniyoruzq","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/cevre-muehendisleri-odas-stanbul-ubesi-qdevlet-yardm-le-zehirleniyoruzq\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7evre M\u00fchendisleri Odas\u0131 \u0130stanbul \u015eubesi: &#8220;Devlet Yard\u0131m\u0131 \u0130le Zehirleniyoruz&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><font color=\"#000000\">Bir taraftan Bakanlar Kurulunun karar\u0131yla K\u00f6m\u00fcr \u0130\u015fletmeleri Kurumu\u2019nun 2.084.741 aileye <strong>\u00fccretsiz olarak toplam 1.744.170 ton k\u00f6m\u00fcr da\u011f\u0131tmas\u0131, di\u011fer taraftan do\u011falgaza yap\u0131lan y\u00fczde 82&#8217;lik zam nedeniyle<\/strong> halk\u0131n soba kullan\u0131m\u0131na y\u00f6nelmesi, \u00f6zellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck kentleri ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hava kirlili\u011fi tehlikesi ile yeniden kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya getirdi.<\/font><\/p>\n<p> <font color=\"#000000\"><br \/>Hava kirlili\u011fi, havada kat\u0131, s\u0131v\u0131 ve gaz \u015feklindeki yabanc\u0131 maddelerin insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na, canl\u0131 hayat\u0131na ve ekolojik dengeye zararl\u0131 olabilecek miktar ve s\u00fcrede bulunmas\u0131d\u0131r. Hava kirlili\u011finin etki \u015fekli ve derecesi; ya\u015f, dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k gibi ki\u015fisel fakt\u00f6rlere ba\u011fl\u0131 olmakla beraber kirleticilere maruz kalma s\u00fcresi olduk\u00e7a b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Baz\u0131 kirleticilere y\u00fcksek konsantrasyonda k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede maruz kal\u0131nma ile olumsuz etki olu\u015furken, di\u011fer baz\u0131 kirleticiler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck konsantrasyonda ve uzun s\u00fcrede insanlarda \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl sonu\u00e7 do\u011furabilmektedir. \u00dclkemizde hava kirlili\u011fi do\u011fal gaz kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nceki y\u0131llarda \u00f6zellikle k\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131nda insan ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 tehdit edebilecek boyutlara ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dclkemizde hava kirlili\u011finin ba\u015fl\u0131ca sebepleri \u0131s\u0131nma, sanayi ve motorlu ta\u015f\u0131tlardan kaynaklanan hava kirlili\u011fi olarak s\u0131ralanabilir. Is\u0131nma ama\u00e7l\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kalitede ve k\u00fck\u00fcrt oran\u0131 y\u00fcksek k\u00f6m\u00fcr kullan\u0131m\u0131, yakma tekniklerinin do\u011fru uygulanmamas\u0131, merkezi \u0131s\u0131tma yerine bireysel ve verimsiz \u0131s\u0131tma y\u00f6ntemlerinin tercih edilmesi hava kirlili\u011fine neden olmaktad\u0131r. Sanayide \u00f6zellikle hammadde ve enerji \u00fcretimi yapan i\u015fletmelerinde yeterli yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n yap\u0131lmamas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 verimsiz yakma sistemlerinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kalorili k\u00f6m\u00fcr kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve baca filtresi benzeri ar\u0131tma \u00f6nlemlerinin al\u0131nmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 hava kirlili\u011fine yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. Karayoluna dayal\u0131 ula\u015f\u0131m politikalar\u0131 nedeniyle h\u0131zla artan motorlu ta\u015f\u0131t say\u0131s\u0131, toplu ula\u015f\u0131ma d\u00f6n\u00fck yat\u0131r\u0131m eksikli\u011fi, egzoz gaz\u0131 denetim ve yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n yetersizli\u011fi hava kirlili\u011finde \u00f6nemli bir etkendir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin sahip oldu\u011fu en bol fosil kaynakl\u0131 yak\u0131t, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck-kaliteli ve y\u00fcksek derecede kirlenmeye yol a\u00e7an linyittir.<\/strong> K\u00f6m\u00fcr kalitesi dendi\u011finde akla ilk gelen; k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn kalorilik de\u011feri, k\u00fcl, k\u00fck\u00fcrt, nem i\u00e7eri\u011fi ve is yapma \u00f6zelli\u011fi (u\u00e7ucu madde) dir. K\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn kalitesi u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 metamorfizma ile do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fir ve linyitten antrasite do\u011fru oksijen ve hidrojen i\u00e7eri\u011finin azalmas\u0131, karbon i\u00e7eri\u011finin ve alt \u0131s\u0131 de\u011ferinin y\u00fckselmesi olarak g\u00f6zlenir. Linyitin yak\u0131lmas\u0131yla y\u00fcksek miktarlarda olu\u015fan k\u00fck\u00fcrt dioksit (SO2), azot oksitler (NOx), karbon monoksit (CO), Ozon (O3), hidrokarbonlar, partik\u00fcler madde (PM) ba\u015fl\u0131ca hava kirlili\u011fi kaynaklar\u0131d\u0131r. Yanma gazlar\u0131 ile atmosfere at\u0131lan bu kirleticiler, g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n etkisiyle veya atmosferde bulunan di\u011fer bile\u015fiklerle tepkimeye girerek; ozon, aerosol, nitrat, nitrit ve \u00e7e\u015fitli asitler gibi ikincil kirleticileri de olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131rlar. Bu kirleticilerin do\u011fal dengeye ve \u00e7evreye etkisi ise asit ya\u011fmuru ve atmosferdeki CO2 art\u0131\u015f\u0131 gibi iki noktada \u00f6nem kazanmaktad\u0131r.<br \/><\/font><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><font color=\"#000000\">26 May\u0131s 2005 tarihli Hava Kirlili\u011fi Kontrol\u00fc hakk\u0131ndaki Genelgeye g\u00f6re, dar gelirli ailelere k\u00f6m\u00fcr da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 hususu ile ilgili olarak \u0130l Mahalli \u00c7evre Kurullar\u0131nca, hava kirlili\u011fi m\u00fccadelesi ve uygulamada birlikteli\u011fin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla k\u00f6m\u00fcrler vatanda\u015fa da\u011f\u0131t\u0131l\u0131rken; ba\u015fta il ve il\u00e7elerin kirlilik derecelerine g\u00f6re \u00f6zellikleri belirlenmi\u015f k\u00f6m\u00fcrlerin da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 olmak \u00fczere Is\u0131nmadan Kaynaklanan Hava Kirlili\u011finin Kontrol\u00fc Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi\u2019nde belirlenen hususlara \u00f6nem verilmesi ve bu k\u00f6m\u00fcrlerin de hava kirlili\u011fi yaratmayacak b\u00f6lgelerde (\u00f6zellikle beldelerde, k\u00f6ylerde) kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131na \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterilmesi gerekmektedir. Bakanl\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmada \u0130stanbul b\u00fct\u00fcn merkez ve di\u011fer il\u00e7eleriyle I. Grup Kirli \u0130l\u00e7eler stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde, ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131l 120 bin ton k\u00f6m\u00fcr da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 yapan \u0130stanbul Valili\u011fi, bu y\u0131l da 130 bin ton k\u00f6m\u00fcr da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <strong>Ancak do\u011fal gaz \u015febekesi olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn bedava da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle soba kullan\u0131m\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f, \u0130stanbul&#8217;da bu k\u0131\u015f \u00f6zellikle ak\u015fam saatlerinde keskin k\u00f6m\u00fcr kokusu hissedilmesine neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0130yi kalite k\u00f6m\u00fcrde k\u00fck\u00fcrt oran\u0131n\u0131n binde 5 olmas\u0131 gerekirken ve Is\u0131nmadan Kaynakl\u0131 Hava Kirlili\u011fi Kontrol\u00fc y\u00f6netmeli\u011finde yerli k\u00f6m\u00fcr i\u00e7in bu oran maksimum y\u00fczde 2 olarak s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f iken, Ankara&#8217;da bedava da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lan k\u00f6m\u00fcrlerin k\u00fck\u00fcrt oran\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 2.5 oldu\u011fu tespit edilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca Ankara\u2019da baz\u0131 semtlerde azot dioksit oranlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zlenmi\u015ftir. Bu tespitler da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lan k\u00f6m\u00fcrlerin kalitesizli\u011fini do\u011frular niteliktedir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>AKP iktidar\u0131, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011fal gaz zamlar\u0131 ile \u00e7aresiz b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 halk\u0131 da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc kullanmaya mecbur ediyor, k\u00f6m\u00fcr yard\u0131m\u0131 kand\u0131rmacas\u0131yla yakla\u015fan yerel se\u00e7imlerde oyunu kazanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 halk\u0131 temiz havadan mahrum ediyor.<\/strong> Oysaki ama\u00e7 halka fayda sa\u011flamak olsayd\u0131 do\u011fal gaz yard\u0131m\u0131 yapmas\u0131 beklenen iktidar aksine \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek do\u011fal gaz zamlar\u0131yla halk\u0131 hava kirlili\u011fine neden oldu\u011fu bilinen bir ger\u00e7ek olan k\u00f6m\u00fcr kullan\u0131m\u0131na te\u015fvik etmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Enerji t\u00fcketimimizin b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 do\u011falgazdan kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131, do\u011falgaz ve termik santrallere d\u00f6n\u00fck yat\u0131r\u0131m planlar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fclkemiz i\u00e7in s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir de\u011fildir. Bu nedenle \u00f6ncelikle yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken <strong>enerji yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n yenilebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fck yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Atmosferdeki karbon miktar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131p sera etkisiyle d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0131s\u0131nmas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunan fosil yak\u0131t kullan\u0131m\u0131 a\u015famal\u0131 olarak terk edilmeli, temiz \u00fcretim teknolojileri ile ileri yakma sistemlerinin kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131l\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ayr\u0131ca enerjinin verimli kullan\u0131m\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131lmal\u0131, binalarda \u0131s\u0131 yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 ve tasarrufuna y\u00f6nelik yat\u0131r\u0131mlar te\u015fvik edilmelidir. Sanayi denetimleri etkinle\u015ftirilmeli yakma sistemlerindeki yanma verimlili\u011finin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve baca filtrelerinin kurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ula\u015f\u0131mda yeni karayolu ve k\u00f6pr\u00fc yap\u0131mlar\u0131na de\u011fil rayl\u0131 sistemlere \u00f6ncelik verilmeli, kentlerde ye\u015fil alanlar yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak hava kirlili\u011fini so\u011furacak alanlar art\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>TMMOB \u00c7MO \u0130stanbul \u015eubesi<br \/>Y\u00f6netim Kurulu<\/p>\n<p><\/font><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Bir taraftan Bakanlar Kurulunun karar\u0131yla K\u00f6m\u00fcr \u0130\u015fletmeleri Kurumu\u2019nun 2.084.741 aileye \u00fccretsiz olarak toplam 1.744.170 ton k\u00f6m\u00fcr da\u011f\u0131tmas\u0131, di\u011fer taraftan do\u011falgaza yap\u0131lan y\u00fczde 82&#8217;lik zam nedeniyle halk\u0131n soba kullan\u0131m\u0131na y\u00f6nelmesi, \u00f6zellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck kentleri ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hava kirlili\u011fi tehlikesi ile yeniden kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya getirdi.\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2010],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-666","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-basin-aciklamalari"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/666","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=666"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/666\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=666"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=666"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=666"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}