{"id":701,"date":"2009-01-03T12:23:13","date_gmt":"2009-01-03T09:23:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/politeknik.org.tr\/\/?p=701"},"modified":"2019-01-28T21:01:34","modified_gmt":"2019-01-28T18:01:34","slug":"bakent-ankaradan-koeykent-ankaraya-k-ercin-kasapolu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/bakent-ankaradan-koeykent-ankaraya-k-ercin-kasapolu\/","title":{"rendered":"Ba\u015fkent Ankara&#8217;dan K\u00f6ykent Ankara&#8217;ya &#8211; K. Er\u00e7in Kasapo\u011flu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><font color=\"#000000\">Bir\u00e7ok medeniyete be\u015fiklik etmi\u015f olan Ankara\u2019da yerle\u015fim insanl\u0131k tarihi kadar eskidir. 23 Nisan 1920\u2019de kurulan TBMM h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin idare merkezi ilan edilen Ankara, 13 Ekim 1923\u2019te \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan bir yasa ile de T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin ba\u015fkenti olmu\u015ftur. Ba\u015fkent olduktan sonra h\u0131zl\u0131 bir geli\u015fme s\u00fcreci ya\u015fayan Ankara\u2019da, 1924 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan \u201c<strong>Ankara \u015eehremaneti Yasas\u0131<\/strong>\u201d ile Ankara Belediyesi kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/font><\/p>\n<p> <font color=\"#000000\"><br \/>Ankara\u2019n\u0131n ilk kentsel yerle\u015fim plan\u0131 1932 y\u0131l\u0131nda Alman mimar <strong>Herman Jansen<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir yar\u0131\u015fma sonucu se\u00e7ilen bu plana g\u00f6re, o zamanki Ankara 300 bin n\u00fcfuslu bir kent olarak planlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bug\u00fcn Ankara iline ba\u011fl\u0131 24 il\u00e7e 926 k\u00f6y bulunmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin, \u0130stanbul\u2019dan sonra, en \u00e7ok g\u00f6\u00e7 alan ikinci ili olan Ankara\u2019n\u0131n bug\u00fcn 4 milyonu a\u015fan n\u00fcfusunun yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 88\u2019i kent n\u00fcfusu olup, geri kalan y\u00fczde 12\u2019si k\u00f6ylerde oturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Ankara ili tarihi eserleri ve do\u011fal g\u00fczellikleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a zengindir. Ancak bug\u00fcn bunlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu y\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 halindedir. O \u00e7ok eski d\u00f6nemlerden zaman\u0131m\u0131za kadar gelen tarihi zenginliklerden ve \u201c<strong>eski Ankara<\/strong>\u201ddan bu g\u00fcne, birka\u00e7 cami ve eser hari\u00e7, hemen hemen hi\u00e7bir \u015fey kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Y\u0131k\u0131lan bu yap\u0131lar\u0131n hemen hepsi Ankara\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fkent olma imgesi ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fmi\u015f olup d\u00f6nemin y\u00f6neticilerinin mimarl\u0131k ve m\u00fchendislik mesle\u011fine verdi\u011fi de\u011feri de ortaya koymas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktayd\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu yap\u0131lar mimari proje yar\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yoluyla elde edilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n<p>H\u0131zla b\u00fcy\u00fcy\u00fcp geli\u015fen Ankara\u2019da bug\u00fcn ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ula\u015f\u0131m, yerle\u015fim ve sosyal ya\u015famla ilgili \u00e7e\u015fitli sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik yeni projelerin geli\u015ftirilmesi ve uygulamaya konulmas\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir zorunluluktu. Ancak bu projelerin ve yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f yerel y\u00f6netimlerde oldu\u011fu gibi, ilgili meslek odalar\u0131, sivil toplum \u00f6rg\u00fctleri, \u00fcniversiteler ve kent halk\u0131 ile birlikte, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 bir demokrasi anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile, kente sahip \u00e7\u0131kan, katk\u0131 koymak isteyen, \u201c<strong>kamusal me\u015fruiyeti<\/strong>\u201d savunan duyarl\u0131 kesimlerle i\u015fbirli\u011fi halinde ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekirken; say\u0131n <strong>Melih G\u00f6k\u00e7ek<\/strong> ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki Anakent Belediyesi taraf\u0131ndan, hi\u00e7 de demokratik ve \u015feffaf olmayan y\u00f6ntemlerle projeler elde etmeye ve \u201c<strong>kapal\u0131 kap\u0131lar<\/strong>\u201d ard\u0131nda kent y\u00f6netilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Nitekim say\u0131n Melih G\u00f6k\u00e7ek, bu t\u00fcr uygulamalar\u0131na, yanl\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esi ile kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan, ilgili meslek odalar\u0131 ve sivil toplum \u00f6rg\u00fctleri ile defalarca mahkemelik olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p>Say\u0131n Melih G\u00f6k\u00e7ek, Ankara ile ilgili projelerini anlat\u0131rken, <strong>\u201cy\u0131k\u0131p yeniden yapmaktan\u201d, \u201cmega projelerden\u201d, \u201cdev al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f merkezlerinden\u201d<\/strong> yani salt rant getirecek projelerden s\u00f6z etmekte, b\u00fct\u00fcn Ankara\u2019y\u0131 bir \u201c<strong>rant alan\u0131<\/strong>\u201d gibi g\u00f6rmektedir. Bug\u00fcne dek yapt\u0131r\u0131p uygulamaya koydu\u011fu yol, kald\u0131r\u0131m, kav\u015fak, k\u00f6pr\u00fc, altyap\u0131, altge\u00e7it, \u00fcstge\u00e7it gibi salt imara y\u00f6nelik projelerinin \u00e7o\u011fu her t\u00fcrl\u00fc m\u00fchendislik nosyonundan ve estetikten yoksun; amac\u0131na hizmet etmeyen, kentin mimari dokusuyla uyumsuz ve kenti g\u00fczelle\u015ftirmek yerine daha da \u00e7irkinle\u015ftiren uygulamalard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Say\u0131n G\u00f6k\u00e7ek zaman\u0131nda yap\u0131lan yollar\u0131n hemen hepsi jeolojik alt yap\u0131 ve en temel m\u00fchendislik normlar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nmadan in\u015fa edildi\u011finden bunlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu birka\u00e7 kez bozulup yeniden yap\u0131lmak durumunda kal\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, bir yandan Ankaral\u0131lar\u0131n vergileri ile olu\u015fan belediye gelirleri \u00e7ar-\u00e7ur edilirken \u00f6te yandan belediye yanda\u015f m\u00fcteahhitler ve in\u015faat firmalar\u0131 zengin edilmi\u015ftir. Yeni in\u015fa edilen yollar\u0131n pek \u00e7o\u011funda viraj e\u011fimleri ters verilmi\u015f oldu\u011fundan bu b\u00f6lgelerde ara\u00e7lar s\u0131k s\u0131k yol d\u0131\u015f\u0131na savrulma tehlikesi ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalmaktad\u0131r. Altge\u00e7itlerin \u00e7o\u011funda drenaj sistemleri gerekti\u011fi gibi yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in yo\u011fun ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde bu ge\u00e7itler su ile dolmakta ve arabalar yar\u0131lar\u0131na kadar suya g\u00f6m\u00fclmektedir. Yayalar\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcme yolu olan kald\u0131r\u0131mlar da, yine kalitesiz in\u015fa edildi\u011finden ve arabalar\u0131n park etmesi \u00f6nlenemedi\u011finden, k\u0131sa zamanda \u00e7\u00f6kerek kullan\u0131lamaz hale gelmekte; bu nedenle hemen her y\u0131l yenilenerek yine Ankaral\u0131lar\u0131n vergileri ile olu\u015fan belediye gelirleri \u00e7ar-\u00e7ur edilmekte ve yine yanda\u015f m\u00fcteahhitler zengin edilmektedir. Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc estetikten yoksun ve demir y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131 halinde in\u015fa edilen \u00fcstge\u00e7itler, ba\u015fkentin yollar\u0131na adeta kelep\u00e7e vurulmu\u015f izlenimi vermektedir. Ya\u015fl\u0131, engelli ve hasta vatanda\u015flar\u0131n gereksinimleri dikkate al\u0131nmadan in\u015fa edildikleri i\u00e7in bunlar\u0131n hi\u00e7biri amac\u0131na hizmet etmemektedir. Yine say\u0131n G\u00f6k\u00e7ek zaman\u0131nda, trafi\u011fi rahatlatmak amac\u0131 ile in\u015fa edilen kav\u015faklar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu, \u00f6rne\u011fin Ku\u011fulu Kav\u015fa\u011f\u0131, tam tersine trafi\u011fi daha da karma\u015f\u0131k hale getirdi\u011fi gibi trafik g\u00fcvenli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da ciddi sorunlar yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, kald\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi kav\u015fak in\u015faatlar\u0131nda da yayalar yok say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kav\u015fak in\u015faat\u0131 nedeniyle iyice daralt\u0131lan hatta baz\u0131 yerlerde tamamen ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lan kald\u0131r\u0131mlar, yayalara y\u00fcr\u00fcme olana\u011f\u0131 b\u0131rakmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi kar\u015f\u0131dan kar\u015f\u0131ya ge\u00e7me olana\u011f\u0131 da tan\u0131mamaktad\u0131r. Kald\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n ortas\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilen mantar \u015feklindeki \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar&#8230; S\u00f6zde trafi\u011fe kapal\u0131 yaya alan\u0131 olarak tasarlanan ancak ticari ara\u00e7lar\u0131n ve kamyonlar\u0131n cirit at\u0131p park etti\u011fi alanlar&#8230; Kald\u0131r\u0131mlar \u00fczerinde aylarca a\u00e7\u0131k b\u0131rak\u0131lan r\u00f6garlar&#8230; Altyap\u0131 yetersizli\u011fi ve bak\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle bir ya\u011fmur sonras\u0131 Ankara caddelerini kaplayan ve yayalar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131dan kar\u015f\u0131ya ge\u00e7mesine olanak tan\u0131mayan diz boyu \u00e7amurlu sular&#8230; T\u00fcm bunlar, Anakent Belediyesi\u2019nin Ankara insan\u0131na olan sayg\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tipik \u00f6rneklerini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan, Ankara halk\u0131ndan toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 vergilerle, oy kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 kimi yanda\u015flar\u0131na da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ka\u00e7ak k\u00f6m\u00fcrler nedeniyle, Ankara\u2019n\u0131n do\u011falgaz kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile nispeten temizlenmi\u015f olan havas\u0131n\u0131n yeniden kirlenmesine neden olarak, Ankara halk\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da tehlikeye sokmaktad\u0131r.<br \/><\/font><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><font color=\"#000000\"><br \/><strong>Prof. Dr. K. Er\u00e7in KASAPO\u011eLU &#8211; Hacettepe \u00dcniversitesi Jeoloji M\u00fchendisli\u011fi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Kaynak: Cumhuriyet Ankara<\/em><\/font><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Bir\u00e7ok medeniyete be\u015fiklik etmi\u015f olan Ankara\u2019da yerle\u015fim insanl\u0131k tarihi kadar eskidir. 23 Nisan 1920\u2019de kurulan TBMM h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin idare merkezi ilan edilen Ankara, 13 Ekim 1923\u2019te \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan bir yasa ile de T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin ba\u015fkenti olmu\u015ftur. Ba\u015fkent olduktan sonra h\u0131zl\u0131 bir geli\u015fme s\u00fcreci ya\u015fayan Ankara\u2019da, 1924 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan \u201cAnkara \u015eehremaneti Yasas\u0131\u201d ile Ankara Belediyesi kurulmu\u015ftur.\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4689],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-701","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-secki"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/701","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=701"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/701\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=701"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=701"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=701"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}