\u00c7evre hareketleri art\u0131k devletin g\u00f6z\u00fcnde \u201cmasumiyetini\u201d kaybetmi\u015f durumda. Bunun en b\u00fcy\u00fck kan\u0131tlar\u0131ndan biri TBMM\u2019ye ge\u00e7en hafta g\u00f6nderilen yasa tasar\u0131s\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u00d6nce \u201cneden masum?\u201d ve \u201cneden art\u0131k de\u011fil?\u2019 sorular\u0131ndan ba\u015flarsak\u2026<\/p>\n
\u00c7evre \u00f6rg\u00fct, eylem ve kampanyalar\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ancak 1980\u2019lerin sonundan itibaren sahne almaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemde uygulanmaya ba\u015flanan serbest piyasa ekonomisi modeli \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde do\u011fan\u0131n ve do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131n sonu hi\u00e7 gelmeyecekmi\u015f gibi a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131 ku\u015fkusuz \u00e7evre hareketlerinin y\u00fckseli\u015finde \u00f6nemli bir paya sahip.<\/p>\n
En az ekolojik sistemi geri d\u00f6n\u00fclmez \u015fekilde tahrip edilmeye ba\u015flanmas\u0131 kadar, \u00e7evre hareketlerinin bu d\u00f6nemde sahip oldu\u011fu\u00a0\u2018g\u00f6rece f\u0131rsatlar\u0131\u2019\u00a0da hesaba katmak gerek. Buna g\u00f6re, iktidarlar\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fcnde \u00e7evre hareketleri \u2013feminist hareketle beraber- devletin \u00e2li \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 daha az tehdit eden unsurlar olageldi. Devletin bekas\u0131na, toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ve laikli\u011fe tehdit olu\u015fturmuyorlard\u0131. Yani bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6ncelikli bir K\u00fcrt hareketi ya da \u00a0\u2013belirli bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in- ba\u015f\u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc meselesi ekseninde d\u00f6nen \u0130slami hareket gibi de\u011fildi.<\/p>\n
\u00c7evre hareketleri, uzun s\u00fcre devletin dikkatini fazla \u00e7ekmeyen; \u00e7ekse de \u2018zararl\u0131\u2019 oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmeyen olu\u015fumlard\u0131. Bu da, \u00e7evre hareketlerine g\u00f6rece daha rahat bir hareket alan\u0131 sa\u011flamaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u00c7evre hareketlerinin yak\u0131n zamana kadar devletin tehdit s\u0131ralamas\u0131nda alt s\u0131ralarda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylerken,\u00a0g\u00f6rece\u00a0laf\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmek gerek.<\/p>\n
\u00c7evre hareketleri devletin \u00f6zellikle K\u00fcrt hareketine y\u00f6neltti\u011fi \u00fcst d\u00fczey \u015fiddet kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015famad\u0131. Ama bu, herhangi bir bask\u0131ya maruz kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na da gelmez. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u00e7o\u011funlukla devlet taraf\u0131ndan yok say\u0131ld\u0131lar. Bir\u00e7ok kez yarg\u0131n\u0131n verdi\u011fi kararlar y\u00fcr\u00fctme taraf\u0131ndan uygulanmad\u0131. Ya da Bergama\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi casuslukla su\u00e7land\u0131lar. Yeri geldi\u011finde jandarma\/ polis daya\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00f6zalt\u0131lar da cabas\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ancak i\u015fler \u00e7evre hareketleri i\u00e7in\u00a0art\u0131k\u00a0de\u011fi\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. 1990\u2019lar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren siyan\u00fcrl\u00fc alt\u0131n madencili\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan\u00a0Bergama Hareketi\u00a0ve\u00a0Mersin-Akkuyu N\u00fckleer Kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 Kampanya ile ba\u015flayan s\u00fcre\u00e7\u00a0HES direni\u015fleri,\u00a0Gerze\u2019deki termik santral kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 hareket ve di\u011ferleri ile devam etti.<\/p>\n
Art\u0131k \u00e7evre hareketleri izlenen ekonomik modele ve olmazsa olmaz diye sunulan dev projelere \u2018ayak ba\u011f\u0131\u2019 olmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u00c7evreci nedenlerle fitili ate\u015flenen\u00a0Gezi Park\u0131 direni\u015fi\u00a0de bu zincirin son halkas\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n
Gittik\u00e7e ba\u015f\u0131na bela olan \u00e7evre ve -ayn\u0131 familyadan say\u0131labilecek- kent hareketlerinin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcmet, son zamanlarda baz\u0131 k\u00f6kl\u00fc yap\u0131sal de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yoluna gitmekte.<\/p>\n
Somut ad\u0131m ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz hafta h\u00fck\u00fcmet ad\u0131na Ba\u015fbakan\u00a0Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan\u00a0taraf\u0131ndan imzalanan\u00a0\u201cDan\u0131\u015ftay Kanunu ve Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Kanun Tasar\u0131s\u0131\u201dn\u0131n TBMM\u2019ye g\u00f6nderilmesi ile at\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
Bu yasa tasar\u0131s\u0131yla \u00e7evre davalar\u0131n\u0131 yak\u0131ndan ilgilendiren iki yeni hukuki kavramla tan\u0131\u015fmak \u00fczereyiz:\u00a0\u201cgrup dava\u201d\u00a0ve\u00a0\u201civedi yarg\u0131lama usul\u00fc\u201d.<\/p>\n
Birincisinden ba\u015flarsak; idare mahkemelerinde a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ayn\u0131 konudaki davalar \u201cgrup dava\u201dolarak de\u011ferlendirilecek. Bu davalardan biri ilgili mahkemece \u00f6ncelikli olarak karara ba\u011flanacak. Sonra, dava\u00a0Dan\u0131\u015ftay\u2019a gidecek ve dava hakk\u0131ndaki nihai karar\u0131 belirlenecek.\u00a0 Ve bu karar, s\u00fcrmekte olan gruptaki di\u011fer davalar i\u00e7in de emsal te\u015fkil edecek. Yani \u00e7uvaldaki di\u011fer t\u00fcm davalar Dan\u0131\u015ftay\u2019\u0131n \u00f6rnek dava hakk\u0131nda verdi\u011fi karara g\u00f6re sonland\u0131r\u0131lacak.<\/p>\n
\u0130kinci b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fiklik ise\u00a0\u201civedi yarg\u0131lama usul\u00fc\u201d. Buna g\u00f6re, geciktirilmeden karara ba\u011flanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi s\u00f6ylenen\u00a0baz\u0131 davalar\u00a0h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir yarg\u0131 s\u00fcrecine tabi tutulacak. Bu kapsama\u00a0acele kamula\u015ft\u0131rma,\u00a0Turizmi Te\u015fvik Kanunu \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde yap\u0131lan i\u015flemler,\u00a0\u00e7evresel etki de\u011ferlendirme i\u015flemleri,\u00a0Afet Riski Alt\u0131ndaki Alanlar\u0131n D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi\u00a0Hakk\u0131nda Kanun uyar\u0131nca al\u0131nan Bakanlar Kurulu kararlar\u0131\u00a0\u2013yani kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm proje ve kararlar\u0131- ile ilgili davalar al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u0130vedi yarg\u0131lama usul\u00fc\u201d\u00a0uygulanacak \u00e7evre ve kent ile ilgili davalarda,\u00a0dava a\u00e7ma ve savunma\u00a0s\u00fcreleri\u00a015\u2019er g\u00fcnle\u00a0s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olacak.\u00a0Temyiz etme s\u00fcresinin\u00a0ise sadece\u00a07 g\u00fcn olmas\u0131\u00a0planlan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
\u0130dari dava a\u00e7ma s\u00fcresi de\u00a060 g\u00fcnden 30 g\u00fcne\u00a0indirilmekte.<\/p>\n
Yasa tasar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ne anlama geldi\u011fine ve olas\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fcnden bakmakta fayda var.<\/p>\n
Bug\u00fcne kadar Bergama Hareketi d\u00e2hil \u00e7evreyle ilgili bir\u00e7ok davan\u0131n savunmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcstlenen hukuk\u00e7ulardan T24 i\u00e7in yasa tasar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendiren\u00a0Ye\u015filler ve Sol Gelecek Partisi\u2019nin eski e\u015f s\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc avukat\u00a0Arif Ali Cang\u0131, T24 i\u00e7in yasa tasar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirdi.<\/p>\n
Tasar\u0131n\u0131n kent ve \u00e7evre hareketleri i\u00e7in hukuki a\u00e7\u0131dan bir\u00e7ok engel ve olumsuzlu\u011fu getirce\u011fini s\u00f6yleyen Cang\u0131\u2019n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirmesinde ana hatlar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle:<\/p>\n
-Ekoloji ve toplumsal konular\u0131 ilgilendiren davalar uzun bir haz\u0131rl\u0131k d\u00f6nemi gerektirmekte. \u00d6te yandan, dava a\u00e7ma s\u00fcresinin 60 g\u00fcnden 30 g\u00fcne indirilmesi,\u00a0dava hakk\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131\u00a0anlam\u0131na geliyor.<\/p>\n
-\u0130vedi yarg\u0131lama usul\u00fc ile gelen k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 dava a\u00e7ma, savunma ve temyiz s\u00fcreleri \u201cadil yarg\u0131lama i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i s\u00fcreler de\u011fil\u201d. Cang\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bu usulle ilgili dikkat \u00e7ekti\u011fi bir ba\u015fka nokta ise h\u0131zla yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131n hukuksal denetime izin vermeyecek olmas\u0131 ve karar d\u00fczeltme hakk\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n adil yarg\u0131lanma konusunda zafiyet yaratacak olmas\u0131. K\u0131sacas\u0131, Cang\u0131\u2019n\u0131n deyi\u015fiyle \u201civedi yarg\u0131lama usul\u00fc\u201d ile \u201cyang\u0131ndan mal ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131rcas\u0131na yarg\u0131lama ya da dostlar al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fte g\u00f6rs\u00fcn yarg\u0131lamas\u0131\u00a0getirilmekte.<\/p>\n
-\u2018Grup dava\u2019 kavram\u0131 ile de her bir davan\u0131n kendine has gerek\u00e7e ve savunmalar\u0131 g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilecek. Cang\u0131 bu durumu \u015f\u00f6yle \u00f6zetlemekte: \u201cDavac\u0131lar\u0131, konular\u0131 farkl\u0131 olan ve do\u011fal olarak her somut olayda farkl\u0131 sonu\u00e7lara var\u0131labilecek i\u015flemler ayn\u0131 i\u015flem gibi de\u011ferlendirilip, birisinde verilen kararlar kopyalanarak, di\u011ferlerine yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak ve temyiz hakk\u0131 olmayacak. Yani,\u00a0kes-yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r yarg\u0131lamas\u0131\u00a0geliyor.\u201d<\/p>\n
-Dahas\u0131, \u00a0\u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda uygulanan d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemler ile uygulama i\u015flemlerinin iptali i\u00e7in toplu dava a\u00e7\u0131lamayacak. Oysa \u00e7evre ve kent ile ilgili bir\u00e7ok dava, \u00e7e\u015fitli kurum, \u00f6rg\u00fct ve ki\u015filerin bir araya gelmesiyle toplu h\u00e2lde a\u00e7\u0131lmakta. B\u00f6ylelikle, hem masraflar payla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor; hem de davalar\u0131n ehliyet yoklu\u011fu nedeniyle reddedilmesinin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7iliyor. Cang\u0131\u2019n\u0131n da belirtti\u011fi gibi \u201c[d]e\u011fi\u015fiklikle \u00f6zellikle \u00e7evre ve ekoloji hareketlerinin \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc dava a\u00e7malar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmakta.\u201d<\/p>\n
Benzer \u015fekilde, konuyu ilk g\u00fcnden itibaren takip edip, g\u00fcndeme getiren avukat\u00a0Can Atalay\u00a0da ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz hafta\u00a0Bianet\u2019e yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0de\u011ferlendirmede\u00a0benzer olumsuzluklar\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izerken, tasar\u0131y\u0131\u00a0\u201ckentler ve kentliler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok zorlu bir d\u00f6neme girilece\u011finin i\u015fareti\u201dolarak niteledi.<\/p>\n
Bir siyaset sosyologunun g\u00f6zl\u00fcklerinden bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise; yasa tasar\u0131s\u0131, \u00e7evre hareketlerinin devletin tehdit s\u0131ralamas\u0131nda \u00fcstlere t\u0131rmand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. \u00c7evre hareketleri, bug\u00fcne kadar tabandan gelen eylemler ve paralelinde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen hukuki m\u00fccadele olmak \u00fczere iki temel ayak \u00fczerinde y\u00fckselmekteydi. \u015eimdi, birinden mahrum b\u0131rak\u0131larak kolu-kanad\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u00c7evre hareketleri art\u0131k devletin g\u00f6z\u00fcnde \u201cmasumiyetini\u201d kaybetmi\u015f durumda. Bunun en b\u00fcy\u00fck kan\u0131tlar\u0131ndan…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4689],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-7060","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-secki"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7060","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7060"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7060\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7060"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7060"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7060"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}