{"id":812,"date":"2009-01-27T08:04:55","date_gmt":"2009-01-27T05:04:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/politeknik.org.tr\/\/?p=812"},"modified":"2013-11-07T18:23:49","modified_gmt":"2013-11-07T15:23:49","slug":"orman-muehendisleri-odas-stanbul-ubesi-qormanlarmzda-yasal-baltalarq","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/orman-muehendisleri-odas-stanbul-ubesi-qormanlarmzda-yasal-baltalarq\/","title":{"rendered":"Orman M\u00fchendisleri Odas\u0131 \u0130stanbul \u015eubesi: “Ormanlar\u0131m\u0131zda Yasal Baltalar”"},"content":{"rendered":"

ORMANLARIMIZDA YASAL BALTALAR <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

VE <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

TAPU KANUNUNDAK\u0130 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

SON DE\u011e\u0130\u015e\u0130KL\u0130KLER<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

15 Ocak 2009 tarihinde 5831 say\u0131l\u0131 “Tapu Kanunu ile Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Kanun Tasar\u0131s\u0131” ile 6831 Say\u0131l\u0131 Orman Kanunu ve 3402 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kadastro Kanununda yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle 2\/B alanlar\u0131, orman S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ve Orman ya\u011fmas\u0131 Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n onay\u0131na sunulmak \u00fczere TBMM’den ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n

Bu kanunun onaylan\u0131p y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesi halinde; on y\u0131llard\u0131r bilin\u00e7li olarak orman\u0131 i\u015fgal edenlere, sermayeye orman alanlar\u0131n\u0131n devredilmesinin devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 peki\u015ftirilecektir<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Bilim ve fen bak\u0131m\u0131ndan niteli\u011fini kaybeden(kaybettirilen) ormanlar\u0131n, orman s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 konusu ilk kez 1961 Anayasas\u0131 ile benimsenip, (04.07.1973) tarihinde yay\u0131mlanan 1744 Say\u0131l\u0131 Yasan\u0131n 2. maddesinde yerini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

7 Kas\u0131m 1982 tarihli Anayasan\u0131n 169. ve 170. maddelerinde ise kapsam geni\u015fletilmi\u015f ve bu maddelere paralel olarak \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan (27.09.1983 tarih) 2896 ve (19.06.1986 tarih) 3302 Say\u0131l\u0131 yasalarla uygulanmas\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/strong><\/p>\n

20.10.1983 tarihinde yay\u0131mlanan 2924 Say\u0131l\u0131 Yasan\u0131n 11. maddesinde orman s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan <\/strong>ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n kullanan ki\u015filere rayi\u00e7 bedelle sat\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 benimsenmi\u015ftir. 2924 Say\u0131l\u0131 Yasay\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftiren 3763 Say\u0131l\u0131 Yasan\u0131n 2. Maddesinde bu konu geni\u015fletilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>“Bu prosed\u00fcr bilin\u00e7li olarak orman\u0131 a\u00e7an, yok eden ki\u015filere bu yerlerin devrini sa\u011flayan bir yol olmu\u015ftur.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Bu sebeple ki\u015filer, “nas\u0131l olsa bir g\u00fcn orman s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131l\u0131p bize verilecektir” diye orman tahribat\u0131na devam etmekte bir sak\u0131nca g\u00f6rmemektedirler.”<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u015eimdi Yasa ile benimsenen nitelik kayb\u0131 ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda olu\u015fan bu kavram nedir?<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Bu olguyu a\u00e7\u0131klayabilmek i\u00e7in bu yolda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan 3302 Say\u0131l\u0131 Yasan\u0131n 2. Maddesini incelemek gerekir.<\/p>\n

Bu maddeye g\u00f6re d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken yerler, \u015fehir, kasaba ve k\u00f6y yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n toplu olarak bulundu\u011fu yerler ile tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesinde yarar g\u00f6r\u00fclen kesimler, funda ve makilerle \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc yerlerle, otlak, k\u0131\u015flak olarak yararlan\u0131lmas\u0131nda yarar g\u00f6r\u00fclen b\u00f6l\u00fcmler \u015feklinde belirlenip nitelik kayb\u0131n\u0131n 31.12.1981’den \u00f6nce ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f olmas\u0131 ko\u015fulu da getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

“Yasada tan\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lan nitelik kayb\u0131 do\u011fal de\u011fil, yapay olaylarla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bir olayd\u0131r”<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yani, co\u011frafi ve jeolojik bir olay sonucu; \u00f6rne\u011fin, (yanarda\u011f patlamas\u0131, deniz ta\u015fmas\u0131, deprem) gibi irade d\u0131\u015f\u0131 olaylarla de\u011fil ama orman bitkileri s\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcp yerine bina yap\u0131m\u0131 veya narenciye, muz bah\u00e7esi, \u00e7ay, f\u0131nd\u0131k, ay\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi, bu\u011fday tarlas\u0131 olu\u015fturmak \u015feklinde eylemli olarak ormanlar\u0131n niteli\u011finin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi bilin\u00e7li olarak ormanlar\u0131n yok edilmesi esas\u0131 benimsenmi\u015ftir.<\/strong> Do\u011fal olaylar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bu \u015fekilde ormanlar\u0131n yok edilmesini nitelik kayb\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirmek, kabul edilemez, yanl\u0131\u015f bir yoldur. Zira Anayasa ve yasalarla nitelik kayb\u0131 ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda ormanlar\u0131n tahribi ve yok edilmesi s\u00fcreklilik kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong>1961 Anayasas\u0131n\u0131n 17.04.1970 tarih ve 1255 Say\u0131l\u0131 Yasa ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 131. Maddesinde, Anayasan\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fck tarihinden \u00f6nce nitelik kaybeden yerler denilmi\u015f, 1982 Anayasas\u0131nda <\/strong>ise 31.12.1981 tarihinden \u00f6nce <\/strong>nitelik kaybeden yerler esas al\u0131narak nitelik kayb\u0131na devaml\u0131l\u0131k kazand\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Uygulamada bu olay s\u00fcrekli \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmekte <\/strong>ve her orman s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karmada, k\u0131sa s\u00fcre \u00f6nce s\u00f6k\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve i\u015fgal edilmi\u015f orman i\u00e7in 31.12.1981’den \u00f6nce niteli\u011fini yitirmi\u015ftir kural\u0131ndan hareket edilerek s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z i\u015fleyen tahribat ve t\u00fcketime yol a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong> Dahas\u0131; AKP’nin 2007’de haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anayasa tasla\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, orman niteli\u011fini yitirme durumu ile ilgili tarihsel s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n 31.12.1981 tarihinden 23.07.2007 tarihine \u00e7ekilmesiyle birlikte son 26 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde “orman niteli\u011fi” kaybettirilmi\u015f yakla\u015f\u0131k 3,5 milyon d\u00f6n\u00fcm orman arazisi de art\u0131k “orman” say\u0131lmayabilecektir. Bu olgu sonsuza dek b\u00f6yle s\u00fcrecek midir? Nitelik kayb\u0131 kural\u0131 var olduk\u00e7a, tahribat ve yok etme devam edecek midir? Ne ac\u0131d\u0131r ki; Anayasa’n\u0131n 169 ve 170. maddelerindeki “\u00e7\u0131karmay\u0131 i\u00e7eren f\u0131kralar” ve ilgili 6831 Say\u0131l\u0131 Orman Kanunu’nun 2\/B maddesi var olduk\u00e7a bu olay devam edecektir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Zira her g\u00fcn yeni bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn niteli\u011fi kaybettirilip, her y\u0131l b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlarda alanlar orman s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bir g\u00fcn gelecek d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak orman kalmayacakt\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte o zaman \u00fclke topraklar\u0131n\u0131n u\u011frayaca\u011f\u0131 erozyon, iklim bozulmas\u0131 ve beraberinde gelecek kurakl\u0131k \u00fclkemizin do\u011fal dengesini bozacak ve \u00fclke ya\u015fan\u0131r olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kacakt\u0131r. Bu olay co\u011frafi ve jeolojik bir afettir. Bu \u00f6nlenmelidir. Ormans\u0131z kalan topraklarda iklim bozulmas\u0131 ve gelecek kurakl\u0131k nedeniyle tar\u0131m da yap\u0131lamaz, \u00e7orak topraklarda merac\u0131l\u0131k da yap\u0131lamaz ve ya\u015fat\u0131lamaz. Bu tehlike \u00e7ok uzak de\u011fildir. Son y\u0131llarda s\u0131kla\u015farak ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ve bir\u00e7ok yurtta\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmesine neden olan sel, \u00e7\u0131\u011f ve heyelanlar, ormanlar\u0131n h\u0131zla yok edilmesinin ac\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>O halde; ekonomik, sosyal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, turistik olgular\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 olan ormanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ve \u00fclkemizin gelece\u011fini bu felaketten kurtarmak hepimize d\u00fc\u015fen \u00e7ok ciddi boyutlar\u0131 olan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00f6revdir.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Orman Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yay\u0131nlar\u0131na g\u00f6re en yak\u0131n istatistiklerde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u015fu ac\u0131 tablo \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dclkemizin geni\u015f topraklar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, verimli orman alanlar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye alan\u0131na oran\u0131 yaln\u0131zca % 11,4’t\u00fcr. Bu tablo ormanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n korkutucu derecede k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>AKP’nin orman say\u0131lan arazilere y\u00f6nelik ilk giri\u015fimi, hen\u00fcz iktidar\u0131n\u0131n ilk aylar\u0131nda orman say\u0131lmayan yerleri herkese satabilmek, devlet orman i\u015fletmecili\u011fi d\u00fczenini \u00f6zelle\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla Anayasay\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirme giri\u015fimi \u015feklinde olmu\u015ftur. Ancak, kamuoyunun yo\u011fun kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131’n\u0131n onay vermemesi nedeniyle bu giri\u015fiminde ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Olamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, ancak, kamuoyunda “2B arazileri” olarak an\u0131lan bu yerlerin sat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrekli olarak g\u00fcndemde tutmu\u015f<\/strong>, dahas\u0131, haz\u0131rlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni anayasa tasla\u011f\u0131nda bu do\u011frultudaki uygulamalar\u0131n kapsam\u0131n\u0131 daha da geni\u015fletecek yapt\u0131r\u0131mlara yer verdirmi\u015ftir. \u00d6te yandan, AKP, anayasada yapamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi baz\u0131 kanunlar ile \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6netmelikleri yeniden d\u00fczenleyerek ve yay\u0131nlanan tamimlerle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilmi\u015ftir. Sonu\u00e7 olarak AKP d\u00f6neminde ormanlar, madencilerin, turizmcilerin, vak\u0131f \u00fcniversitecilerinin, organik tar\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n, “off-road”cular\u0131n, “Formula 1″cilerin, “devlet orman\u0131” say\u0131lan alanlarda aromatik bitkili, meyve a\u011fa\u00e7l\u0131 \u00f6zel orman kurmak isteyenlerin, orman \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n\u0131n, k\u0131saca sermayedarlar\u0131n ak\u0131llar\u0131na geldi\u011fince at ko\u015fturup cirit att\u0131klar\u0131, deyi\u015f yerindeyse “yol ge\u00e7en han\u0131na” d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Son olarak TBMM’de 15\/01\/2009 tarihinde 5831 Kanun Numaras\u0131yla kabul edilen, “Tapu Kanunu \u0130le Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Kanun” ile ormanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n tahribini artt\u0131rmak \u00fczere yap\u0131lan yasal d\u00fczenlemelere bir yenisi eklenmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>5831 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunla;<\/p>\n