{"id":9641,"date":"2014-04-07T13:48:37","date_gmt":"2014-04-07T10:48:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/politeknik.org.tr\/\/?p=9641"},"modified":"2019-01-28T20:40:59","modified_gmt":"2019-01-28T17:40:59","slug":"taksimin-kusatma-mimarisi-yasar-adanali-arkitera-com","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/taksimin-kusatma-mimarisi-yasar-adanali-arkitera-com\/","title":{"rendered":"Taksim\u2019in Ku\u015fatma Mimarisi \u2013 Ya\u015far Adanal\u0131 (arkitera.com)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Taksim Meydan\u0131’nda toplanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 \u015fiddetle bast\u0131rsan\u0131z da, bu alanlara \u00e7\u0131kmak isteyenler olduk\u00e7a, meydan\u0131n siyasetten ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayamazs\u0131n\u0131z.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"yasar_1.jpg\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0130fade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, kamusal alan hakk\u0131ndan ayr\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez. Ki\u015filerin, topluluklar\u0131n kendilerini ifade edecekleri yer, kamusal alanlard\u0131r. Taksim Meydan\u0131 gibi fiziki veya Twitter gibi sanal, kamusal alanlar.<\/p>\n

Kamusall\u0131k (kent meydanlar\u0131, sokaklar, parklar gibi) mekanda \u00fcretildi\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ifade de \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fir. Kamusall\u0131k medyada, internette \u00f6zg\u00fcrce \u00fcretildi\u011finde ifade de \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fir. Malum, \u00fclkede Taksim Meydan\u0131, Gezi Park\u0131 ve Twitter gibi kamusal mecralar bir a\u00e7\u0131k, bir kapal\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fcz bayram. \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin, emek\u00e7inin bayram\u0131, 1 May\u0131s. Ve bu bayram\u0131n mekan\u0131 hepimizin bildi\u011fi \u00fczere Taksim Meydan\u0131. Ancak yine hepimizin bildi\u011fi \u00fczere, Haziran’\u0131n ilk iki haftas\u0131ndaki ge\u00e7ici \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fmenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, 1 May\u0131s 2013 tarihinden beri Taksim Meydan\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7iye, emek\u00e7iye (tekrardan) kapal\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130ktidar, buray\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc toplumsal harekete kapatmak i\u00e7in ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir \u00e7abayla OHAL uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 devreye soktu, meydan ve \u00e7evresini ku\u015fatt\u0131. Bu ku\u015fatma s\u00fcreci asl\u0131nda ‘kamu-\u00f6zel-ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131’ \u015feklinde y\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Bir taraftan iktidar\u0131n ku\u015fatmas\u0131 siyasi alan\u0131 daraltarak sermayeye alan a\u00e7\u0131yor. Di\u011fer taraftan, onun a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoldan ilerleyen sermaye, kent merkezini kendi mekanlar\u0131yla ku\u015fat\u0131yor. Beyo\u011flu’nda devam etmekte olan bu ikili ku\u015fatma s\u00fcrecinin iktidar aya\u011f\u0131na bakal\u0131m.<\/p>\n

\u0130ktidar\u0131n Ku\u015fatmas\u0131 Alt\u0131nda Beyo\u011flu<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"yasar_2.jpg\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Asl\u0131nda Gezi’ye kadar, Beyo\u011flu \u00f6zelinde iktidar\u0131n ku\u015fatma mimarisi, Avrupa K\u00fclt\u00fcr Ba\u015fkenti ve ‘Cool \u0130stanbul’ \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde kendini g\u00f6sterdi. Beyo\u011flu Belediyesi masa-sandalye operasyonlar\u0131yla yurtta\u015f\u0131n sokakla ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nce kesip sonra ‘disipline’ etmeyi ama\u00e7lad\u0131. Polis, \u0130stiklal Caddesi boyunca (TOMA yerine) son model arabalarla, zab\u0131ta ise ‘biny\u0131l\u0131n bulu\u015fu’ Ginger ve elektrikli ara\u00e7larla bir a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 bir yukar\u0131 devriye gezdi. Beyo\u011flu’nun heterojen mekan kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ve kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 homojenle\u015ftirmeyi ama\u00e7layan turizm odakl\u0131 imar plan\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131. ‘Siviller’, sokak \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 ve madde ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131s\u0131 gen\u00e7leri \u0130stiklal Caddesi’nden uzak tuttu. Tarlaba\u015f\u0131 Yenileme Projesi’yle Beyo\u011flu’nda sermayeye geni\u015f bir alan a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn bu politikalar halen devam etmekle birlikte Gezi \u0130syan\u0131’ndan beri, Taksim ve Beyo\u011flu b\u00f6lgesinde tam anlam\u0131yla bir iktidar ku\u015fatmas\u0131 ya\u015fanmakta. Bu ku\u015fatman\u0131n bir TOMA ve Akrep’ler, rap rap diye y\u00fcr\u00fcyen \u00e7evik kuvvet mangalar\u0131, s\u0131k s\u0131k hissedilen gaz bombalar\u0131 ile fazlas\u0131yla ‘aktif’ yan\u0131, bir de sivil polisleri, MOBESE kameralar\u0131 ile, ‘pasif’ yan\u0131 mevcut.<\/p>\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin Taksim Meydan\u0131, \u0130stiklal Caddesi, ve T\u00fcnel Meydan\u0131 boyunca yakla\u015f\u0131k 2 km’lik hat boyunca 30 MOBESE kameras\u0131 konumland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumda. Bu kameralar as\u0131l olarak ‘insani g\u00fcvenli\u011fi’ de\u011fil, devlet\/iktidar g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in kesintisiz bir \u015fekilde bu alan\u0131 g\u00f6zetliyorlar. Polis \u015fiddeti sonucunda hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden veya yaralananlar\u0131n sorumlular\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda sistem devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kal\u0131rken g\u00f6steri ve toplanma hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak isteyenlere kar\u015f\u0131 bir bask\u0131 mekanizmas\u0131 olarak devreye sokuldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte.<\/p>\n

\"yasar_3.jpg\"<\/a><\/p>\n

MOBESE deyip ge\u00e7memek laz\u0131m. Bu sistemin, fonksiyonel olmas\u0131n\u0131n (yani iktidar\u0131n g\u00fcvenlik ayg\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n yurtta\u015f\u0131 7\/24 g\u00f6zetlemesinin) yan\u0131nda, sembolik anlam\u0131 daha da \u00f6nemli. MOBESE, (hacimli, so\u011fuk, metalik kaidesi, 3+1 kamera sisteminin tektip tasar\u0131m\u0131, ve g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr bir \u015fekilde konumland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131 ile) ku\u015fatma mimarisinin agresif an\u0131tlar\u0131 olarak kentin kamusal alanlar\u0131nda iktidar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrekli hat\u0131rlatmakta, sivil alan\u0131 militarize etmektedir. Bug\u00fcn b\u0131rak\u0131n anacadde ve meydanlar\u0131, Beyo\u011flu’nun ve bir\u00e7ok ‘muhalif’ mahallenin sokak aralar\u0131nda bile bu ‘an\u0131tlar’ dikilmekte.<\/p>\n

\"yasar_4.jpg\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Taksim Meydan\u0131’nda fiili OHAL’in co\u011frafyas\u0131na bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda ne g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz? Bir dizi mek\u00e2nsal m\u00fcdahale, g\u00f6zetleme sistemleri, taktiksel hamleler ile Taksim sadece T\u00fcrkiye’de de\u011fil, muhtemelen Avrupa’da da en militarist kentsel noktalardan biri halini alm\u0131\u015f durumda.<\/p>\n

Tarlaba\u015f\u0131 Bulvar\u0131 ve Cumhuriyet Caddesi ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcnel ile yer alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131, hem Meydan’a giri\u015f \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flarda yaya ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rarak ‘kontrol noktas\u0131’ olarak i\u015flev g\u00f6rmekte, hem de Meydan’\u0131n ‘yasakland\u0131\u011f\u0131’ durumlarda ara\u00e7 trafi\u011finin etkilenmemesini sa\u011flamakta. Atat\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr Merkezi (AKM), Gezi \u0130syan\u0131’ndan beri polis karakoluna \u00e7evrilmi\u015f durumda. Maksem’in \u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00e7evik otob\u00fcsleri ve TOMA’lar i\u00e7in s\u00fcrekli bir otopark alan\u0131 mevcut. Gezi Park\u0131’n\u0131n etraf\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez bir duvar gibi \u00e7evreleyen MOBESE’ler var. Park s\u0131k s\u0131k kapat\u0131l\u0131yor. Taksim Cumhuriyet An\u0131t\u0131’n\u0131n etraf\u0131 en ufak bir hareketlenme durumunda g\u00fcvenlik kordonu ile \u00e7evriliyor.<\/p>\n

Ku\u015fat\u0131lan \u00c7evre<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"yasar_5.jpg-428323017\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Nas\u0131l Taksim Meydan\u0131 iktidar\u0131n ku\u015fatmas\u0131 alt\u0131ndaysa, Gezi Park\u0131 da benzer bir ku\u015fatman\u0131n alt\u0131nda. Burada sadece Gezi Park\u0131’n\u0131n etraf\u0131n\u0131 saran MOBESE duvar\u0131, ve en ufak bir eylemlilik halinde ge\u00e7i\u015f yasa\u011f\u0131 uygulanmas\u0131ndan bahsetmiyorum. Genel olarak iktidar\u0131n ‘\u00e7evre’ anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ‘ku\u015fatmac\u0131’ bir yakla\u015f\u0131m oldu\u011funu, nas\u0131l kamusal mekan tahakk\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131yorsa, parklara da ayn\u0131 tahakk\u00fcm\u00fcn uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etmekteyim. \u0130\u015fte Gezi Park\u0131’nda, a\u011fa\u00e7lar kesildikten sonra yerine \u00e7ekilen duvar, ve bu duvar \u00fczerine \u00f6r\u00fclen dikey\/yapay bah\u00e7e bunun bir \u00f6rne\u011fi. Sol tarafta, Gezi s\u0131ras\u0131nda y\u0131k\u0131m \u00fczerinde kurulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan kent bostan\u0131, ki o bah\u00e7eye ekilen her bir bitki serumlarla yo\u011fun bak\u0131m alt\u0131nda \u00f6zenle ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131, sa\u011f tarafta Park’\u0131n tekrar ku\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra belediyenin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 dikey bah\u00e7eli, rulo \u00e7imli \u00e7evre d\u00fczenlemesi! ‘Ekolojik’ olmaktan \u00e7ok ama \u00e7ok uzak olan ku\u015fatmac\u0131 anlay\u0131\u015f, peyzaj\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7evrenin d\u0131\u015fsal, dekoratif bir \u00f6\u011fesi olarak ele almakta.<\/p>\n

\u0130ktidar\u0131n ‘L\u00fctfetti\u011fi’ Kamusall\u0131k<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"yasar_6.jpg-1419942265\"<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Kamusal alanlar tamamen iktidarlar\u0131n kontrol\u00fcne b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bizi bekleyen tehlikenin g\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcze sokulurcas\u0131na en g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr \u00f6rne\u011fi Yenikap\u0131 Meydan Projesi. Buras\u0131, siyasetten ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmak istenen Taksim Meydan\u0131’na (kentin merkezine) alternatif olarak g\u00f6sterilmekte. Malum, Yenikap\u0131 Projesi denizi doldurarak, tarihi yar\u0131madan\u0131n uzaydan g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc de\u011fi\u015ftirilerek yap\u0131ld\u0131. Dolgusu i\u00e7in 30 k\u00fcsur, meydan d\u00fczenlemesi i\u00e7in 80 k\u00fcsur milyon TL harcand\u0131. B\u00f6ylesine bir ‘meydanda’, ifadenin ne kadar \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015febilece\u011fi, toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri hakk\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar lay\u0131k\u0131yla yerine getirilebilece\u011fi kabak gibi ortada.<\/p>\n

Yakla\u015f\u0131k 2 sene \u00f6nce ‘Bug\u00fcn aya\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n alt\u0131ndan Taksim kayarsa, yar\u0131n\u00a0Yenikap\u0131’da denize d\u00f6k\u00fclmemiz i\u015ften bile de\u011fil’ demi\u015ftim. Asl\u0131nda, \u00f6zg\u00fcr olmas\u0131 gereken, toplumsal iradenin \u00fcretti\u011fi kent meydanlar\u0131n\u0131 yasaklamak, veya Yenikap\u0131 Meydan\u0131 gibi devasa iktidar meydanlar\u0131 yaratmak, iktidarlar i\u00e7in bir paradoks. Meydanlar\u0131 ne kadar kapatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fsan\u0131z da, Taksim Meydan\u0131’nda toplanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 \u015fiddetle bast\u0131rsan\u0131z da, bu alanlara \u00e7\u0131kmak isteyenler olduk\u00e7a, meydan\u0131n siyasetten ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayamazs\u0131n\u0131z. ‘Taksim yasak’ dedi\u011finizde, zaten demokratikle\u015fme m\u00fccadelesi veren toplumsal g\u00fc\u00e7lerin ‘demokrasi de\u011filiz’ mesaj\u0131n\u0131 teyit etmi\u015f olursunuz, en fazla. Veya Yenikap\u0131 gibi ‘en b\u00fcy\u00fck meydan\u0131’ bile yapsan\u0131z, buraya \u00e7\u0131kmak isteyen ‘sivil’ bir toplum bulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, meydan\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc demokrasiye olan uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 belgelemenin \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7emez. Toplumsal\u0131n soka\u011fa ve meydana sahip \u00e7\u0131kma iradesi devam etti\u011fi s\u00fcrece, yasaklar (yar\u0131n yasaklanana kadar), bug\u00fcn \u00e7i\u011fnenmek i\u00e7in varlar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Taksim Meydan\u0131’nda toplanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 \u015fiddetle bast\u0131rsan\u0131z da, bu alanlara \u00e7\u0131kmak isteyenler olduk\u00e7a,…\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4689],"tags":[1706,1518],"class_list":{"0":"post-9641","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-secki","8":"tag-taksim-meydani","9":"tag-taksim-meydani-duzenlemesi"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9641","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9641"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9641\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9641"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9641"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9641"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}